{"id":895,"date":"2024-07-23T10:00:06","date_gmt":"2024-07-23T08:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/?p=895"},"modified":"2024-07-24T09:08:25","modified_gmt":"2024-07-24T07:08:25","slug":"i-like-what-is-happening-at-work-interview-with-lukasz-supplier-and-blogger-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/i-like-what-is-happening-at-work-interview-with-lukasz-supplier-and-blogger-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"I LIKE WHAT IS HAPPENING AT WORK - INTERVIEW WITH \u0141UKASZ, SUPPLIER AND BLOGGER (PART 2)","raw":"I LIKE WHAT IS HAPPENING AT WORK - INTERVIEW WITH \u0141UKASZ, SUPPLIER AND BLOGGER (PART 2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

This is the second part of the conversation with \u0141ukasz. You can read the first one here<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

You regularly publish summaries of remuneration rates on various Platforms on your website and have been doing so for quite a long time. You must have noticed some patterns. What do you think salaries and rates depend on?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

The delivery industry is the most capitalist labor market. Applications (apart from Pyszne.pl) pay us exactly as much as they need to ensure the desired smoothness of services. So in winter, when customers order more and there are significantly fewer couriers, the rates are high. In November and December, when only the most hardcore riders ride bikes and there are fewer scooters, you can earn really good money. The situation reverses in spring when seasonal delivery workers, mainly bicycle delivery workers, return. Apps are so comfortable that they can reduce rates almost to a minimum. What’s worse for us couriers is that even though these courses are low-paid, it is becoming more and more difficult to obtain them. During the holidays, when students are also involved, working on delivery (apart from Pyszne and possibly Glovo) basically makes no sense anymore. I once joked that during this period it was a job for enthusiasts and desperate people, and now I often repeat it. Experienced delivery workers deal with this differently. I know people who work hard in the winter so that they can have some time off in the summer. Others are looking for another job for this period (I took advantage of the offer of additional work this year and am currently devoting more time to it). Of course, still others grit their teeth and drive for spare change.<\/span><\/p>\n

The vehicle is also important. For some time now, the Platforms have clearly favored delivery people on scooters and couriers working this way are probably the easiest to survive this period.<\/span><\/p>\n

But it is also known that Platforms use dynamically determined remuneration. On one day, for the same order, one Supplier will receive PLN 10, the other PLN 12. If this is the case, why do Platforms use different types of “multipliers”?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

The fact that one day the same course costs PLN 12 and another day PLN 10 (and this can happen even in courses that are one minute apart) is due to the multipliers. Platforms provide specific applicable base rates, which change very rarely (for example, in Uber they changed once in 3.5 years). Multipliers increase the base by a given percentage and hence the difference in the valuation of theoretically the same rates. In the given example, the rate for PLN 10 is the rate with a multiplier of X1.0, and the latter with a multiplier of x1.2.<\/span><\/p>\n

The exception – from November – is Wolt, where the base rate is no longer known. This change in Volt was highly criticized by the couriers. Issues such as base rates should be mandatory for platforms to publish. Recently, Bolt has also been mixing things up a bit in the base, and while it is still known how much the base is as a whole, it is no longer known how much the individual components of this amount are.<\/span><\/p>\n

What do you think about \u201cchallenges\u201d and \u201cbonuses\u201d. Why do they often seem abstract or encourage dangerous behavior on the road, e.g.: “make 10 deliveries in 2 hours – we guarantee a PLN 50 bonus”<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

I have never seen a bonus of 10 deliveries in 2 hours. This would be pointless, because there is no physical possibility to complete so many courses. The only platform whose bonuses meant that attempts to complete them could result in dangerous behavior was Wolt. The problem was not only the high threshold (8-9 courses in 3 hours) but, above all, the moment of calculating the bonus. In all the apps I use, this is the moment of accepting the last course, and in Wolt it was the moment of completing the delivery. For this reason, the latter was often done at breakneck speed. We reported it to the headquarters and eventually they corrected it some time ago and it’s the same as everywhere else. Or at least it was, because Wolt formally gave up bonuses and it is difficult to say whether they will return to them in the winter.<\/span><\/p>\n

In Uber, Bolt and Stuart, the bonuses are time-bound so that they could be physically performed without any problems. This would be possible, if, of course, you get that many courses at all. In winter it is usually easy to make them, and in summer there are either no bonuses or it is difficult to count on the right number of deliveries.<\/span><\/p>\n

You are one of the few people who have been in this job for so long. Research shows that most people quit their jobs after about 3 months. Why do you think this happens?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

I think that if this period is as long as 3 months, it is due to the fact that it is overestimated by enthusiasts like me or colleagues who have been working in the industry even much longer. I think the truth is that most people give up after the first or second settlement. An incredible number of people do not understand taxes at all. At the beginning of their work, they think that they will get the amounts they see in the application, but then it turns out that the result is much less. There is disappointment and a feeling of being cheated. Many people also do not understand the seasonal nature of this work, which I mentioned earlier.<\/span><\/p>\n

Of course, for many people it is just a job to start or to earn extra money. For pupils or students, it is often just a summer job, which certainly influences such statistics.<\/span><\/p>\n

Well, many people do not understand why the Platforms do not provide net earnings, but rather provide (according to them) rather abstract amounts of remuneration for the order. You say it’s because they don’t know how to calculate taxes. Or maybe the platforms do it on purpose to pull the wool over their eyes?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

It is not possible for platforms to provide the net amount in the sense of “on hand”. This is due to the fact that different people – depending on the situation – are obliged to pay different taxes and ZUS, of course. I settle my taxes differently for JDG with VAT, and someone else settles for JDG but without VAT. Of course, it is completely different for those who do not have a business, but here again there are issues such as whether someone is a student under 26 years of age or whether these criteria are not met. Next comes the question of what kind of contract the Partner has signed – whether it is a 100% mandate contract or a mandate contract plus a lease agreement. When you go for a job interview in a regular company (at least not a Janusz company), you also talk about gross salary, not net salary – largely for the same reasons.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stuart, Wolt and Glovo (from what I’ve heard) show this amount as easily as possible. This is the amount paid to the Partner for the delivery, net of VAT. This amount is then reduced by the settlement fee, as well as taxes and ZUS (Social Insurance Institution) appropriate to the situation of the courier.<\/span><\/p>\n

It’s more difficult with Uber, because for 3 years they have been showing the courier the amount plus VAT, which in my opinion is unjustified. Apart from VAT taxpayers on JDG – like me – VAT does not apply to the rest. This is a tax in which the courier is not a party – these are Uber, Partner and the Tax Office. Here I am firmly convinced that this is a psychological trick. I find myself looking more favorably at Uber’s rates because they look better paid than they actually are. Nevertheless, to be fair to them, currently, even after deducting VAT, Uber pays relatively decently.<\/span><\/p>\n

The most complicated thing is with Bolt. In this company, part of our earnings is paid from Estonia and part from Poland. Therefore, part of the amount of a given delivery is 0% VAT. Additionally, for some reason, different Partners pay this VAT differently (or not). I have no idea what this means. I suspect it may be a matter of what contract they have signed with Bolt.<\/span><\/p>\n

The European Union has adopted the Platform Work Directive, which is to be implemented in Poland within two years. Do you have any expectations or concerns about her?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

I read the content of this directive for the first time 1.5 years ago and then I was very optimistic. Contrary to what appeared in the media, the directive in that form would not force the introduction of full-time positions in our work. In that version, it would probably look like the Platforms would actually have a chance to adapt to the regulations so that they could reasonably prove that they are not our employers. Besides, I have no such attitude towards any of these companies. For me, they are more like business partners. There would have to be smaller or larger changes in individual companies, giving us even greater freedom and much greater transparency regarding the algorithms that determine our work.<\/span><\/p>\n

Unfortunately, the regulations have been tightened this year and now I’m not sure what it will look like. At first glance, it may be difficult for them to change in our favor so as not to become our employer. In my opinion, such a situation would be very unfavorable for people who have the same approach to this work as I do (and I believe that is the majority of us). It will end with us working 8 hours a day for the minimum wage, having basically no influence on anything. I say “we will”, in quotation marks, because I would certainly end this adventure in such a situation.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the applications belong to powerful global corporations and I suspect that their lobbyists and lawyers will not allow such a situation. By the way, I don’t know of any other industry in which private entrepreneurs would be forced to employ under an employment contract. Perhaps this will be one of the forms available to couriers who will have to choose a job for the minimum wage in Poland, or stay with the current form of cooperation. However, the reality would change anyway. The platforms would, of course, try to use these couriers on hourly wages as much as possible, and those who had to pay more for a given course would be left with scraps.<\/span><\/p>\n

Personally, I would like the work on new regulations in our country to address the issue of importing couriers, who are most often brought here as part of student visas at third-party universities. I have nothing against these guys, but it seems to me that there are enough people in the country (be they Poles, Ukrainians and other people in Poland not by the mere fact of becoming a food supplier or a passenger transport driver) to everything worked. Of course, this would result in a higher cost for these applications. Perhaps, however, this would force them to rationalize their actions at the expense of other parties of the entire business than ours. There is nothing in the Directive about the import of couriers, but I have a strange feeling that our industry had a large share in the visa scandal that is currently in the spotlight, so who knows… maybe our authorities will also turn their eyes in this direction.<\/span><\/p>\n

Have you heard anything about the creation of Trade Unions bringing together Delivery Workers?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

I know about the existence of the Pyszne.pl couriers’ union. It is no coincidence that they have such an organization, because it is currently the only company that employs couriers (some of them) directly. The problem with other platforms is that it is not known under which company these associations would operate. This came about when changes were introduced in Wolt that were very unfavorable for couriers. The idea of \u200b\u200bestablishing a union was born. However, this turned out to be very problematic and in the end it probably didn’t happen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anyway, if the remaining couriers were to form a union, what would it be under? Probably partners, because they are most often the direct employers of delivery workers. The problem here is that there are so many partners and couriers from different apps work under them, and they actually have different problems and demands.<\/span><\/p>\n

Apart from Pyszne.pl, it is difficult to find any sense of community between couriers. An organization that would take care of our interests would be extremely necessary now. The problem is that I suspect it would be difficult to even find a common message. Different couriers work for different apps, have different needs and ideas of what this work should look like. Most often, they are in complete opposition to each other.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"raw":"This is the second part of the conversation with \u0141ukasz. You can read the first one here<\/a><\/em>\r\n\r\n

\r\n

You regularly publish summaries of remuneration rates on various Platforms on your website and have been doing so for quite a long time. You must have noticed some patterns. What do you think salaries and rates depend on?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The delivery industry is the most capitalist labor market. Applications (apart from Pyszne.pl) pay us exactly as much as they need to ensure the desired smoothness of services. So in winter, when customers order more and there are significantly fewer couriers, the rates are high. In November and December, when only the most hardcore riders ride bikes and there are fewer scooters, you can earn really good money. The situation reverses in spring when seasonal delivery workers, mainly bicycle delivery workers, return. Apps are so comfortable that they can reduce rates almost to a minimum. What's worse for us couriers is that even though these courses are low-paid, it is becoming more and more difficult to obtain them. During the holidays, when students are also involved, working on delivery (apart from Pyszne and possibly Glovo) basically makes no sense anymore. I once joked that during this period it was a job for enthusiasts and desperate people, and now I often repeat it. Experienced delivery workers deal with this differently. I know people who work hard in the winter so that they can have some time off in the summer. Others are looking for another job for this period (I took advantage of the offer of additional work this year and am currently devoting more time to it). Of course, still others grit their teeth and drive for spare change.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The vehicle is also important. For some time now, the Platforms have clearly favored delivery people on scooters and couriers working this way are probably the easiest to survive this period.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

But it is also known that Platforms use dynamically determined remuneration. On one day, for the same order, one Supplier will receive PLN 10, the other PLN 12. If this is the case, why do Platforms use different types of \"multipliers\"?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The fact that one day the same course costs PLN 12 and another day PLN 10 (and this can happen even in courses that are one minute apart) is due to the multipliers. Platforms provide specific applicable base rates, which change very rarely (for example, in Uber they changed once in 3.5 years). Multipliers increase the base by a given percentage and hence the difference in the valuation of theoretically the same rates. In the given example, the rate for PLN 10 is the rate with a multiplier of X1.0, and the latter with a multiplier of x1.2.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The exception - from November - is Wolt, where the base rate is no longer known. This change in Volt was highly criticized by the couriers. Issues such as base rates should be mandatory for platforms to publish. Recently, Bolt has also been mixing things up a bit in the base, and while it is still known how much the base is as a whole, it is no longer known how much the individual components of this amount are.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

What do you think about \u201cchallenges\u201d and \u201cbonuses\u201d. Why do they often seem abstract or encourage dangerous behavior on the road, e.g.: \"make 10 deliveries in 2 hours - we guarantee a PLN 50 bonus\"<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

I have never seen a bonus of 10 deliveries in 2 hours. This would be pointless, because there is no physical possibility to complete so many courses. The only platform whose bonuses meant that attempts to complete them could result in dangerous behavior was Wolt. The problem was not only the high threshold (8-9 courses in 3 hours) but, above all, the moment of calculating the bonus. In all the apps I use, this is the moment of accepting the last course, and in Wolt it was the moment of completing the delivery. For this reason, the latter was often done at breakneck speed. We reported it to the headquarters and eventually they corrected it some time ago and it's the same as everywhere else. Or at least it was, because Wolt formally gave up bonuses and it is difficult to say whether they will return to them in the winter.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In Uber, Bolt and Stuart, the bonuses are time-bound so that they could be physically performed without any problems. This would be possible, if, of course, you get that many courses at all. In winter it is usually easy to make them, and in summer there are either no bonuses or it is difficult to count on the right number of deliveries.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

You are one of the few people who have been in this job for so long. Research shows that most people quit their jobs after about 3 months. Why do you think this happens?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

I think that if this period is as long as 3 months, it is due to the fact that it is overestimated by enthusiasts like me or colleagues who have been working in the industry even much longer. I think the truth is that most people give up after the first or second settlement. An incredible number of people do not understand taxes at all. At the beginning of their work, they think that they will get the amounts they see in the application, but then it turns out that the result is much less. There is disappointment and a feeling of being cheated. Many people also do not understand the seasonal nature of this work, which I mentioned earlier.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Of course, for many people it is just a job to start or to earn extra money. For pupils or students, it is often just a summer job, which certainly influences such statistics.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Well, many people do not understand why the Platforms do not provide net earnings, but rather provide (according to them) rather abstract amounts of remuneration for the order. You say it's because they don't know how to calculate taxes. Or maybe the platforms do it on purpose to pull the wool over their eyes?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

It is not possible for platforms to provide the net amount in the sense of \"on hand\". This is due to the fact that different people - depending on the situation - are obliged to pay different taxes and ZUS, of course. I settle my taxes differently for JDG with VAT, and someone else settles for JDG but without VAT. Of course, it is completely different for those who do not have a business, but here again there are issues such as whether someone is a student under 26 years of age or whether these criteria are not met. Next comes the question of what kind of contract the Partner has signed - whether it is a 100% mandate contract or a mandate contract plus a lease agreement. When you go for a job interview in a regular company (at least not a Janusz company), you also talk about gross salary, not net salary - largely for the same reasons.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Stuart, Wolt and Glovo (from what I've heard) show this amount as easily as possible. This is the amount paid to the Partner for the delivery, net of VAT. This amount is then reduced by the settlement fee, as well as taxes and ZUS (Social Insurance Institution) appropriate to the situation of the courier.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It's more difficult with Uber, because for 3 years they have been showing the courier the amount plus VAT, which in my opinion is unjustified. Apart from VAT taxpayers on JDG - like me - VAT does not apply to the rest. This is a tax in which the courier is not a party - these are Uber, Partner and the Tax Office. Here I am firmly convinced that this is a psychological trick. I find myself looking more favorably at Uber's rates because they look better paid than they actually are. Nevertheless, to be fair to them, currently, even after deducting VAT, Uber pays relatively decently.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The most complicated thing is with Bolt. In this company, part of our earnings is paid from Estonia and part from Poland. Therefore, part of the amount of a given delivery is 0% VAT. Additionally, for some reason, different Partners pay this VAT differently (or not). I have no idea what this means. I suspect it may be a matter of what contract they have signed with Bolt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The European Union has adopted the Platform Work Directive, which is to be implemented in Poland within two years. Do you have any expectations or concerns about her?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

I read the content of this directive for the first time 1.5 years ago and then I was very optimistic. Contrary to what appeared in the media, the directive in that form would not force the introduction of full-time positions in our work. In that version, it would probably look like the Platforms would actually have a chance to adapt to the regulations so that they could reasonably prove that they are not our employers. Besides, I have no such attitude towards any of these companies. For me, they are more like business partners. There would have to be smaller or larger changes in individual companies, giving us even greater freedom and much greater transparency regarding the algorithms that determine our work.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Unfortunately, the regulations have been tightened this year and now I'm not sure what it will look like. At first glance, it may be difficult for them to change in our favor so as not to become our employer. In my opinion, such a situation would be very unfavorable for people who have the same approach to this work as I do (and I believe that is the majority of us). It will end with us working 8 hours a day for the minimum wage, having basically no influence on anything. I say \"we will\", in quotation marks, because I would certainly end this adventure in such a situation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

However, the applications belong to powerful global corporations and I suspect that their lobbyists and lawyers will not allow such a situation. By the way, I don't know of any other industry in which private entrepreneurs would be forced to employ under an employment contract. Perhaps this will be one of the forms available to couriers who will have to choose a job for the minimum wage in Poland, or stay with the current form of cooperation. However, the reality would change anyway. The platforms would, of course, try to use these couriers on hourly wages as much as possible, and those who had to pay more for a given course would be left with scraps.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Personally, I would like the work on new regulations in our country to address the issue of importing couriers, who are most often brought here as part of student visas at third-party universities. I have nothing against these guys, but it seems to me that there are enough people in the country (be they Poles, Ukrainians and other people in Poland not by the mere fact of becoming a food supplier or a passenger transport driver) to everything worked. Of course, this would result in a higher cost for these applications. Perhaps, however, this would force them to rationalize their actions at the expense of other parties of the entire business than ours. There is nothing in the Directive about the import of couriers, but I have a strange feeling that our industry had a large share in the visa scandal that is currently in the spotlight, so who knows... maybe our authorities will also turn their eyes in this direction.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Have you heard anything about the creation of Trade Unions bringing together Delivery Workers?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

I know about the existence of the Pyszne.pl couriers' union. It is no coincidence that they have such an organization, because it is currently the only company that employs couriers (some of them) directly. The problem with other platforms is that it is not known under which company these associations would operate. This came about when changes were introduced in Wolt that were very unfavorable for couriers. The idea of \u200b\u200bestablishing a union was born. However, this turned out to be very problematic and in the end it probably didn't happen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Anyway, if the remaining couriers were to form a union, what would it be under? Probably partners, because they are most often the direct employers of delivery workers. The problem here is that there are so many partners and couriers from different apps work under them, and they actually have different problems and demands.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Apart from Pyszne.pl, it is difficult to find any sense of community between couriers. An organization that would take care of our interests would be extremely necessary now. The problem is that I suspect it would be difficult to even find a common message. Different couriers work for different apps, have different needs and ideas of what this work should look like. Most often, they are in complete opposition to each other.<\/span><\/p>"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false,"raw":""},"author":1,"featured_media":897,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_pl_post_content":"To jest druga cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 rozmowy z \u0141ukaszem. Pierwsz\u0105 przeczytasz tu<\/a><\/em>\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\nNa swojej stronie regularnie publikujesz zestawienia stawek wynagrodzenia w r\u00f3\u017cnych Platformach i robisz to od do\u015b\u0107 dawna. Na pewno zauwa\u017cy\u0142e\u015b jakie\u015b prawid\u0142owo\u015bci. Od czego wg Ciebie zale\u017c\u0105 wynagrodzenia i stawki?<\/b>\r\n\r\nBran\u017ca delivery to najbardziej kapitalistyczny rynek pracy. Aplikacje (pomijaj\u0105c Pyszne.pl), p\u0142ac\u0105 nam dok\u0142adnie tyle ile musz\u0105, aby zapewni\u0107 sobie po\u017c\u0105dan\u0105 p\u0142ynno\u015b\u0107 realizacji us\u0142ug. Zim\u0105 wi\u0119c, kiedy klienci zamawiaj\u0105 wi\u0119cej, i jest zdecydowanie mniej kurier\u00f3w, stawki s\u0105 wysokie. W listopadzie i grudniu, kiedy na rowerach je\u017cd\u017c\u0105 ju\u017c tylko najwi\u0119ksi hardcorowcy, a i skuter\u00f3w jest mniej, mo\u017cna zarobi\u0107 naprawd\u0119 solidnie. Sytuacja odwraca si\u0119 na wiosn\u0119 kiedy wracaj\u0105 dostawcy sezonowi, g\u0142\u00f3wnie rowerowi. Aplikacje maj\u0105 taki komfort, \u017ce mog\u0105 obni\u017ca\u0107 stawki niemal do minimum. Co gorsza dla nas kurier\u00f3w, mimo \u017ce te kursy s\u0105 ma\u0142o p\u0142atne to coraz trudniej je otrzyma\u0107. W wakacje, kiedy do gry wchodz\u0105 te\u017c uczniowie, praca na delivery (pomijaj\u0105c Pyszne i ewentualnie Glovo) w zasadzie nie ma ju\u017c sensu. Za\u017cartowa\u0142em sobie kiedy\u015b, \u017ce w tym okresie to praca dla pasjonat\u00f3w i desperat\u00f3w i teraz cz\u0119sto to powtarzam. Do\u015bwiadczeni dostawcy r\u00f3\u017cnie z tym sobie radz\u0105. Znam takich, kt\u00f3rzy zim\u0105 spinaj\u0105 si\u0119 tak, \u017ceby mogli sobie latem zrobi\u0107 wolne. Inni szukaj\u0105 na ten okres innej roboty (sam zreszt\u0105 skorzysta\u0142em w tym roku z propozycji dodatkowej pracy i to jej obecnie po\u015bwi\u0119cam wi\u0119cej czasu). Oczywi\u015bcie jeszcze inni zaciskaj\u0105 z\u0119by i je\u017cd\u017c\u0105 za drobne.\r\n\r\nZnaczenie ma te\u017c pojazd. Od jakiego\u015b czasu Platformy wyra\u017anie faworyzuj\u0105 dostawc\u00f3w na skuterach i kurierom pracuj\u0105cym w ten spos\u00f3b zapewne jest naj\u0142atwiej przetrwa\u0107 ten okres.\r\n\r\nAle te\u017c wiadomo, \u017ce Platformy stosuj\u0105 dynamicznie ustalane wynagrodzenie. Jednego dnia za takie samo zlecenie jeden Dostawca dostanie 10 z\u0142, drugi 12 z\u0142. Je\u015bli tak jest, to po co Platformy stosuj\u0105 jeszcze r\u00f3\u017cnego rodzaju \u201emno\u017cniki\u201d?<\/b>\r\n\r\nTo, \u017ce jednego dnia ten sam kurs kosztuje 12 z\u0142 a innego 10 (a konkretnie mo\u017ce tak si\u0119 zdarzy\u0107 nawet w kursach oddalonych od siebie czasowo o minut\u0119) wynika w\u0142a\u015bnie z mno\u017cnik\u00f3w. Platformy podaj\u0105 konkretne obowi\u0105zuj\u0105ce stawki bazowe, kt\u00f3re zmieniaj\u0105 si\u0119 bardzo rzadko (na przyk\u0142ad w Uberze zmieni\u0142y si\u0119 raz przez 3,5 roku). Mno\u017cniki podnosz\u0105 baz\u0119 o dany procent i st\u0105d r\u00f3\u017cnica w wycenie teoretycznie takich samych kurs\u00f3w. W podanym przyk\u0142adzie kurs za 10 z\u0142 jest wi\u0119c kursem z mno\u017cnikiem X1.0, a ten drugi z mno\u017cnikiem x1.2.\r\n\r\nWyj\u0105tkiem - od listopada - jest Wolt, w kt\u00f3rym nie jest ju\u017c znana stawka bazowa. Ta zmiana w Wolcie by\u0142a bardzo krytykowana przez kurier\u00f3w. Takie kwestie jak stawki bazowe powinny by\u0107 obowi\u0105zkowo publikowane przez platformy. Ostatnio te\u017c Bolt troch\u0119 miesza\u0142 w bazie i o ile wci\u0105\u017c wiadomo, ile wynosi podstawa jako ca\u0142o\u015b\u0107, to nie wiadomo ju\u017c ile wynosz\u0105 poszczeg\u00f3lne sk\u0142adniki tej kwoty.\r\n\r\nA co my\u015blisz o \u201cwyzwaniach\u201d i \u201cbonusach\u201d. Dlaczego cz\u0119sto wydaj\u0105 si\u0119 one wr\u0119cz abstrakcyjne lub zach\u0119caj\u0105ce do niebezpiecznych zachowa\u0144 na drodze., np.: \"zr\u00f3b 10 dostaw w 2h - gwarantujemy bonus 50pln\"?<\/b>\r\n\r\nNigdy nie spotka\u0142em si\u0119 z bonusem 10 dostaw w 2 godziny. To by\u0142oby bezsensowne, bo nie ma fizycznej mo\u017cliwo\u015bci, \u017ceby tyle kurs\u00f3w wykona\u0107. Jedyn\u0105 platform\u0105, kt\u00f3rej bonusy powodowa\u0142y, \u017ce pr\u00f3by ich wykonania mog\u0142y powodowa\u0107 niebezpieczne zachowania by\u0142 Wolt. Problemem by\u0142 nie tylko wysoki pr\u00f3g (tam by\u0142o to 8-9 kurs\u00f3w w 3 godziny) ale przede wszystkim moment naliczania bonusa. We wszystkich appkach, na kt\u00f3rych je\u017cd\u017c\u0119 jest to moment zaakceptowania ostatniego kursu, a w Wolt by\u0142 to moment zako\u0144czenia tej dostawy. Z tego powodu t\u0119 ostatni\u0105 cz\u0119sto robi\u0142o si\u0119 na \u201ez\u0142amanie karku\u201d. Zg\u0142aszali\u015bmy to Centrali i ostatecznie jaki\u015b czas temu to poprawili i jest tak jak wsz\u0119dzie. A przynajmniej by\u0142o, bo Wolt formalnie zrezygnowa\u0142 z bonus\u00f3w i trudno powiedzie\u0107, czy wr\u00f3ci do nich zim\u0105.\r\n\r\nW Uberze, Bolcie i Stuarcie bonusy s\u0105 czasowo ogarni\u0119te tak, \u017ce fizycznie da\u0142oby si\u0119 je wykona\u0107 bez problemu. By\u0142oby to mo\u017cliwe, o ile oczywi\u015bcie w og\u00f3le dostanie si\u0119 tak\u0105 liczb\u0119 kurs\u00f3w. Zim\u0105 zwykle \u0142atwo jest je zrobi\u0107, a latem albo bonus\u00f3w nie ma, albo i tak trudno liczy\u0107 na odpowiednia liczb\u0119 dostaw.\r\n\r\nJeste\u015b jedn\u0105 z nielicznych os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re maj\u0105 tak d\u0142ugi sta\u017c w tej pracy. Badania wskazuj\u0105, \u017ce wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 os\u00f3b rzuca t\u0105 prace po oko\u0142o 3 miesi\u0105cach. Jak my\u015blisz, dlaczego tak si\u0119 dzieje?<\/b>\r\n\r\nMy\u015bl\u0119, \u017ce je\u015bli ten okres wypada na a\u017c 3 miesi\u0105ce to wynika to z tego, \u017ce zawy\u017caj\u0105 go tacy zapale\u0144cy jak ja, czy koledzy kt\u00f3rzy pracuj\u0105 w bran\u017cy nawet du\u017co d\u0142u\u017cej. My\u015bl\u0119, \u017ce tak naprawd\u0119 wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 os\u00f3b rezygnuje po pierwszym lub drugim rozliczeniu. Niesamowicie du\u017co os\u00f3b kompletnie nie rozumie podatk\u00f3w. Na pocz\u0105tku pracy my\u015bl\u0105, \u017ce dostan\u0105 kwoty jakie widz\u0105 w aplikacji, a potem okazuje si\u0119, \u017ce wychodzi du\u017co mniej. Pojawia si\u0119 rozczarowanie, poczucie, \u017ce zosta\u0142o si\u0119 oszukanym. Wiele os\u00f3b nie rozumie te\u017c sezonowo\u015bci tej pracy, o kt\u00f3rej m\u00f3wi\u0142em wcze\u015bniej.\r\n\r\nOczywi\u015bcie dla wielu os\u00f3b to tylko praca na start, albo na dorobienie. Dla uczni\u00f3w czy student\u00f3w cz\u0119sto jest to tylko praca na wakacje, to z pewno\u015bci\u0105 te\u017c wp\u0142ywa na takie statystyki.\r\n\r\nNo w\u0142a\u015bnie, wiele os\u00f3b nierozumie, dlaczego Platformy nie podaj\u0105 zarobk\u00f3w netto, tylko podaj\u0105 (wg nich) do\u015b\u0107 abstrakcyjne kwoty wynagrodzenia za zlecenie. Twierdzisz, \u017ce to dlatego, \u017ce nie umiej\u0105 liczy\u0107 podatk\u00f3w. A mo\u017ce Platformy robi\u0105 to celowo, \u017ceby mydli\u0107 oczy?<\/b>\r\n\r\nNie ma mo\u017cliwo\u015bci, \u017ceby platformy podawa\u0142y kwot\u0119 netto w rozumieniu \u201ena r\u0119k\u0119\u201d. Wynika to z tego, \u017ce r\u00f3\u017cne osoby \u2013 w zale\u017cno\u015bci od sytuacji \u2013 zobowi\u0105zane s\u0105 p\u0142aci\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cne podatki i ZUS oczywi\u015bcie. Inaczej rozliczam si\u0119 ja na JDG z Vat, inaczej kto\u015b z JDG, ale bez Vat. Oczywi\u015bcie zupe\u0142nie inaczej Ci, kt\u00f3rzy nie maj\u0105 dzia\u0142alno\u015bci, ale tu znowu dochodz\u0105 kwestie takie jak to, czy kto\u015b jest uczniem lub studentem do 26 roku \u017cycia, czy te\u017c nie ma spe\u0142nionych tych kryteri\u00f3w. Dalej dochodzi kwestia tego, jak\u0105 ma podpisan\u0105 umow\u0119 z Partnerem - czy jest to 100% umowa zlecenie, czy umow\u0119 zlecenia plus umowa najmu. Id\u0105c na rozmow\u0119 o prac\u0119 w normalniej firmie (w ka\u017cdym razie nie januszowej), te\u017c rozmawiasz o pensji brutto, a nie netto \u2013 w du\u017cej mierze z tych samych powod\u00f3w zreszt\u0105.\r\n\r\nStuart, Wolt i Glovo (z tego co s\u0142ysza\u0142em) pokazuj\u0105 t\u0119 kwot\u0119 naj\u0142atwiej jak to jest mo\u017cliwe. Czyli kwota jak\u0105 wyp\u0142aca Partnerowi za dostaw\u0119 bez kwoty podatku VAT. Ta kwota jest potem pomniejszana o op\u0142at\u0119 za rozliczenie, a tak\u017ce w\u0142a\u015bnie adekwatne do sytuacji danego kuriera podatki i ZUS.\r\n\r\nTrudniej jest z Uberem, bo oni od 3 lat pokazuj\u0105 kurierowi kwot\u0119 z doliczonym VATem, co moim zdaniem nie ma uzasadnienia. Pomijaj\u0105c Vatowc\u00f3w na JDG - takich jak ja -\u00a0 >to ca\u0142ej reszty VAT przecie\u017c nie dotyczy. To podatek, w kt\u00f3rym kurier nie jest stron\u0105 \u2013 s\u0105 nimi Uber, Partner i Urz\u0105d Skarbowy. Tu jestem mocno przekonany, \u017ce jest to zagrywka psychologiczna. Sam si\u0119 \u0142api\u0119, na tym, \u017ce patrz\u0119 przychylniejszym okiem na kursy z Ubera, bo wygl\u0105daj\u0105 na lepiej p\u0142atne ni\u017c s\u0105 w rzeczywisto\u015bci. Niemniej trzeba im odda\u0107 sprawiedliwo\u015b\u0107, \u017ce obecnie nawet po odj\u0119ciu tego VAT-u Uber p\u0142aci relatywnie przyzwoicie.<\/span>\r\n\r\nNajbardziej skomplikowana sprawa jest z Boltem. W tej firmie cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 naszych zarobk\u00f3w wyp\u0142acane jest z Estonii, a cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 z Polski. Dlatego cz\u0119\u015bciowo kwota danej dostawy jest z VATem 0%. Dodatkowo, z jakiego\u015b powodu r\u00f3\u017cni Partnerzy, r\u00f3\u017cnie ten VAT wyp\u0142acaj\u0105 (lub nie). Nie mam poj\u0119cia z czego to wynika. Podejrzewam, \u017ce mo\u017ce by\u0107 to kwestia tego jak\u0105 maj\u0105 podpisan\u0105 umow\u0119 z Bolt.\r\n\r\nUnia Europejska uchwali\u0142a Dyrektyw\u0119 o Pracy dla Platform, w ci\u0105gu dw\u00f3ch lat ma by\u0107 wdro\u017cona w Polsce. Masz wobec niej jakie\u015b oczekiwania albo obawy?<\/b>\r\n\r\nPierwszy raz czyta\u0142em tre\u015b\u0107 tej dyrektywy 1,5 roku temu i wtedy by\u0142em bardzo optymistycznie nastawiony. Wbrew temu co pojawia\u0142o si\u0119 w mediach, dyrektywa w tamtej formie wcale nie wymusza\u0142aby wprowadzenia etat\u00f3w w naszej pracy. W tamtej wersji wygl\u0105da\u0142oby to zapewne tak, \u017ce Platformy rzeczywi\u015bcie mia\u0142yby szanse dostosowa\u0107 si\u0119 do przepis\u00f3w tak, \u017ce mog\u0142yby racjonalnie udowodni\u0107, \u017ce nie s\u0105 naszymi pracodawcami. Ja zreszt\u0105 nie mam takiego stosunku do \u017cadnej z tych firm. Dla mnie to raczej partnerzy biznesowi. W poszczeg\u00f3lnych firmach musia\u0142yby zaj\u015b\u0107 mniejsze lub wi\u0119ksze zmiany, daj\u0105ce nam jeszcze wi\u0119ksz\u0105 swobod\u0119 i zdecydowanie wi\u0119ksz\u0105 przejrzysto\u015b\u0107 odno\u015bnie algorytm\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re o naszej pracy decyduj\u0105.\r\n\r\nNiestety przez ten rok przepisy zosta\u0142y zaostrzone i teraz nie mam ju\u017c pewno\u015bci jak to b\u0119dzie wygl\u0105da\u0107. Na pierwszy rzut oka mo\u017ce by\u0107 im ju\u017c teraz ci\u0119\u017cko zmieni\u0107 si\u0119 na nasz\u0105 korzy\u015b\u0107, po to by nie sta\u0107 si\u0119 naszym pracodawc\u0105. Taka sytuacja moim zdaniem by\u0142aby bardzo niekorzystna dla os\u00f3b, kt\u00f3re maj\u0105 takie podej\u015bcie do tej pracy jak ja (a wierz\u0119, \u017ce jest nas wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107). Sko\u0144czy si\u0119 tym, \u017ce b\u0119dziemy tyra\u0107 po 8 godzin dziennie za najni\u017csz\u0105 krajow\u0105, nie maj\u0105c wp\u0142ywu w zasadzie na nic. To \u201eb\u0119dziemy\u201c, m\u00f3wi\u0119 zreszt\u0105 w cudzys\u0142owie, bo ja na pewno w takiej sytuacji sko\u0144czy\u0142bym t\u0119 przygod\u0119.\r\n\r\nAplikacje nale\u017c\u0105 jednak do pot\u0119\u017cnych \u015bwiatowych korporacji i podejrzewam, \u017ce ich lobby\u015bci i prawnicy nie dopuszcz\u0105 do takiej sytuacji. Nawiasem m\u00f3wi\u0105c nie kojarz\u0119 zreszt\u0105 innej bran\u017cy w kt\u00f3rej prywatni przedsi\u0119biorcy mieliby narzucone zatrudnianie na umow\u0119 o prac\u0119 akurat. By\u0107 mo\u017ce stanie na tym, \u017ce b\u0119dzie to jedna z form dost\u0119pnych dla kurier\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy stan\u0105 przed wyborem pracy za najni\u017csz\u0105 krajow\u0105 na etat, lub pozostaniem przy dotychczasowej formie wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy. Realia jednak tak czy siak by si\u0119 zmieni\u0142y. Platformy oczywi\u015bcie stara\u0142yby si\u0119 jak najbardziej wykorzysta\u0107 tych kurier\u00f3w na godzin\u00f3wkach, a tym kt\u00f3rym trzeba by\u0142oby p\u0142aci\u0107 za dany kurs wi\u0119cej pozosta\u0142yby och\u0142apy.\r\n\r\nOsobi\u015bcie \u017cyczy\u0142bym sobie raczej aby przy pracach nad nowymi przepisami w naszym kraju zaj\u0119to si\u0119 tematem importu kurier\u00f3w, \u015bci\u0105ganych tu najcz\u0119\u015bciej w ramach wiz studenckich na lewych uczelniach. Nie mam nic przeciwko tym ch\u0142opakom, ale wydaje mi si\u0119, \u017ce w kraju jest wystarczaj\u0105ca liczba os\u00f3b (czy to Polak\u00f3w, czy Ukrai\u0144c\u00f3w i innych ludzi znajduj\u0105cych si\u0119 w Polsce nie z samego faktu zostania dostawc\u0105 jedzenia, czy kierowc\u0105 w przewozach os\u00f3b), \u017ceby to wszystko dzia\u0142a\u0142o. Oczywi\u015bcie wi\u0105za\u0142oby si\u0119 to z wi\u0119kszym kosztem dla tych aplikacji. By\u0107 mo\u017ce jednak wymusi\u0142oby to na nich racjonalizacj\u0119 dzia\u0142a\u0144 kosztem innych stron ca\u0142ego biznesu, ni\u017c akurat naszym. Na temat importu kurier\u00f3w nie ma nic w Dyrektywie, ale mam dziwne przeczucie, \u017ce nasza bran\u017ca mia\u0142a spory udzia\u0142 w b\u0119d\u0105cej obecnie na \u015bwieczniku aferze wizowej, wi\u0119c kto wie...\u00a0 mo\u017ce nasze w\u0142adze zwr\u00f3c\u0105 oczy tak\u017ce w tym kierunku.\r\n\r\nCzy s\u0142ysza\u0142e\u015b co\u015b o tworzonych Zwi\u0105zkach Zawodowych zrzeszaj\u0105cych Dostawc\u00f3w?<\/b>\r\n\r\nWiem o istnieniu zwi\u0105zku kurier\u00f3w Pyszne.pl. Nie jest przypadkiem, \u017ce to akurat oni maj\u0105 tak\u0105 organizacj\u0119, bo jest to ju\u017c jedyna obecnie firma, kt\u00f3ra zatrudnia kurier\u00f3w (cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 z nich) bezpo\u015brednio. Z pozosta\u0142ymi platformami jest ten problem, \u017ce nie wiadomo w zasadzie w ramach jakiego zak\u0142adu mia\u0142yby te zwi\u0105zki dzia\u0142a\u0107. Wysz\u0142o to przy okazji wprowadzenia bardzo niekorzystnych dla kurier\u00f3w zmian w Wolt. Pad\u0142 pomys\u0142 za\u0142o\u017cenia zwi\u0105zku. Okaza\u0142o si\u0119 to jednak bardzo problematyczne i ostatecznie raczej do tego nie dosz\u0142o.\r\n\r\nW ka\u017cdym razie gdyby pozostali kurierzy mieli za\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 zwi\u0105zek to w ramach czego? Zapewne partner\u00f3w, bo to oni s\u0105 najcz\u0119\u015bciej bezpo\u015brednimi pracodawcami dostawc\u00f3w. Tu si\u0119 pojawia taki problem, \u017ce tych partner\u00f3w jest ile\u015btam i pracuj\u0105 pod nimi kurierzy z r\u00f3\u017cnych apek, kt\u00f3rzy de facto maj\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne problemy i postulaty.\r\n\r\nPomijaj\u0105c Pyszne.pl trudno zreszt\u0105 o jakie\u015b poczucie wsp\u00f3lnoty mi\u0119dzy kurierami. Organizacja, kt\u00f3ra dba\u0142aby o nasze interesy by\u0142aby teraz niezwykle potrzebna. S\u0119k w tym, \u017ce podejrzewam, \u017ce ci\u0119\u017cko by\u0142oby nawet znale\u017a\u0107 jaki\u015b wsp\u00f3lny przekaz. R\u00f3\u017cni kurierzy, pracuj\u0105 dla innych appek, maj\u0105 inne potrzeby i pomys\u0142y jak ta praca powinna wygl\u0105da\u0107. Najcz\u0119\u015bciej wr\u0119cz stoj\u0105 one do siebie w kompletnej opozycji.","_pl_post_name":"lubie-jak-dzieje-sie-w-pracy-rozmowa-z-lukaszem-dostawca-i-blogerem-czesc-2","_pl_post_excerpt":"","_pl_post_title":"LUBI\u0118 JAK DZIEJE SI\u0118 W PRACY - ROZMOWA Z \u0141UKASZEM, DOSTAWC\u0104 I BLOGEREM (CZ\u0118\u015a\u0106 2)","_en_post_content":"This is the second part of the conversation with \u0141ukasz. You can read the first one here<\/a><\/em>\r\n\r\n
\r\n

You regularly publish summaries of remuneration rates on various Platforms on your website and have been doing so for quite a long time. You must have noticed some patterns. What do you think salaries and rates depend on?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The delivery industry is the most capitalist labor market. Applications (apart from Pyszne.pl) pay us exactly as much as they need to ensure the desired smoothness of services. So in winter, when customers order more and there are significantly fewer couriers, the rates are high. In November and December, when only the most hardcore riders ride bikes and there are fewer scooters, you can earn really good money. The situation reverses in spring when seasonal delivery workers, mainly bicycle delivery workers, return. Apps are so comfortable that they can reduce rates almost to a minimum. What's worse for us couriers is that even though these courses are low-paid, it is becoming more and more difficult to obtain them. During the holidays, when students are also involved, working on delivery (apart from Pyszne and possibly Glovo) basically makes no sense anymore. I once joked that during this period it was a job for enthusiasts and desperate people, and now I often repeat it. Experienced delivery workers deal with this differently. I know people who work hard in the winter so that they can have some time off in the summer. Others are looking for another job for this period (I took advantage of the offer of additional work this year and am currently devoting more time to it). Of course, still others grit their teeth and drive for spare change.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The vehicle is also important. For some time now, the Platforms have clearly favored delivery people on scooters and couriers working this way are probably the easiest to survive this period.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

But it is also known that Platforms use dynamically determined remuneration. On one day, for the same order, one Supplier will receive PLN 10, the other PLN 12. If this is the case, why do Platforms use different types of \"multipliers\"?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

The fact that one day the same course costs PLN 12 and another day PLN 10 (and this can happen even in courses that are one minute apart) is due to the multipliers. Platforms provide specific applicable base rates, which change very rarely (for example, in Uber they changed once in 3.5 years). Multipliers increase the base by a given percentage and hence the difference in the valuation of theoretically the same rates. In the given example, the rate for PLN 10 is the rate with a multiplier of X1.0, and the latter with a multiplier of x1.2.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The exception - from November - is Wolt, where the base rate is no longer known. This change in Volt was highly criticized by the couriers. Issues such as base rates should be mandatory for platforms to publish. Recently, Bolt has also been mixing things up a bit in the base, and while it is still known how much the base is as a whole, it is no longer known how much the individual components of this amount are.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

What do you think about \u201cchallenges\u201d and \u201cbonuses\u201d. Why do they often seem abstract or encourage dangerous behavior on the road, e.g.: \"make 10 deliveries in 2 hours - we guarantee a PLN 50 bonus\"<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

I have never seen a bonus of 10 deliveries in 2 hours. This would be pointless, because there is no physical possibility to complete so many courses. The only platform whose bonuses meant that attempts to complete them could result in dangerous behavior was Wolt. The problem was not only the high threshold (8-9 courses in 3 hours) but, above all, the moment of calculating the bonus. In all the apps I use, this is the moment of accepting the last course, and in Wolt it was the moment of completing the delivery. For this reason, the latter was often done at breakneck speed. We reported it to the headquarters and eventually they corrected it some time ago and it's the same as everywhere else. Or at least it was, because Wolt formally gave up bonuses and it is difficult to say whether they will return to them in the winter.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

In Uber, Bolt and Stuart, the bonuses are time-bound so that they could be physically performed without any problems. This would be possible, if, of course, you get that many courses at all. In winter it is usually easy to make them, and in summer there are either no bonuses or it is difficult to count on the right number of deliveries.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

You are one of the few people who have been in this job for so long. Research shows that most people quit their jobs after about 3 months. Why do you think this happens?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

I think that if this period is as long as 3 months, it is due to the fact that it is overestimated by enthusiasts like me or colleagues who have been working in the industry even much longer. I think the truth is that most people give up after the first or second settlement. An incredible number of people do not understand taxes at all. At the beginning of their work, they think that they will get the amounts they see in the application, but then it turns out that the result is much less. There is disappointment and a feeling of being cheated. Many people also do not understand the seasonal nature of this work, which I mentioned earlier.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Of course, for many people it is just a job to start or to earn extra money. For pupils or students, it is often just a summer job, which certainly influences such statistics.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Well, many people do not understand why the Platforms do not provide net earnings, but rather provide (according to them) rather abstract amounts of remuneration for the order. You say it's because they don't know how to calculate taxes. Or maybe the platforms do it on purpose to pull the wool over their eyes?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

It is not possible for platforms to provide the net amount in the sense of \"on hand\". This is due to the fact that different people - depending on the situation - are obliged to pay different taxes and ZUS, of course. I settle my taxes differently for JDG with VAT, and someone else settles for JDG but without VAT. Of course, it is completely different for those who do not have a business, but here again there are issues such as whether someone is a student under 26 years of age or whether these criteria are not met. Next comes the question of what kind of contract the Partner has signed - whether it is a 100% mandate contract or a mandate contract plus a lease agreement. When you go for a job interview in a regular company (at least not a Janusz company), you also talk about gross salary, not net salary - largely for the same reasons.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Stuart, Wolt and Glovo (from what I've heard) show this amount as easily as possible. This is the amount paid to the Partner for the delivery, net of VAT. This amount is then reduced by the settlement fee, as well as taxes and ZUS (Social Insurance Institution) appropriate to the situation of the courier.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

It's more difficult with Uber, because for 3 years they have been showing the courier the amount plus VAT, which in my opinion is unjustified. Apart from VAT taxpayers on JDG - like me - VAT does not apply to the rest. This is a tax in which the courier is not a party - these are Uber, Partner and the Tax Office. Here I am firmly convinced that this is a psychological trick. I find myself looking more favorably at Uber's rates because they look better paid than they actually are. Nevertheless, to be fair to them, currently, even after deducting VAT, Uber pays relatively decently.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The most complicated thing is with Bolt. In this company, part of our earnings is paid from Estonia and part from Poland. Therefore, part of the amount of a given delivery is 0% VAT. Additionally, for some reason, different Partners pay this VAT differently (or not). I have no idea what this means. I suspect it may be a matter of what contract they have signed with Bolt.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The European Union has adopted the Platform Work Directive, which is to be implemented in Poland within two years. Do you have any expectations or concerns about her?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

I read the content of this directive for the first time 1.5 years ago and then I was very optimistic. Contrary to what appeared in the media, the directive in that form would not force the introduction of full-time positions in our work. In that version, it would probably look like the Platforms would actually have a chance to adapt to the regulations so that they could reasonably prove that they are not our employers. Besides, I have no such attitude towards any of these companies. For me, they are more like business partners. There would have to be smaller or larger changes in individual companies, giving us even greater freedom and much greater transparency regarding the algorithms that determine our work.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Unfortunately, the regulations have been tightened this year and now I'm not sure what it will look like. At first glance, it may be difficult for them to change in our favor so as not to become our employer. In my opinion, such a situation would be very unfavorable for people who have the same approach to this work as I do (and I believe that is the majority of us). It will end with us working 8 hours a day for the minimum wage, having basically no influence on anything. I say \"we will\", in quotation marks, because I would certainly end this adventure in such a situation.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

However, the applications belong to powerful global corporations and I suspect that their lobbyists and lawyers will not allow such a situation. By the way, I don't know of any other industry in which private entrepreneurs would be forced to employ under an employment contract. Perhaps this will be one of the forms available to couriers who will have to choose a job for the minimum wage in Poland, or stay with the current form of cooperation. However, the reality would change anyway. The platforms would, of course, try to use these couriers on hourly wages as much as possible, and those who had to pay more for a given course would be left with scraps.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Personally, I would like the work on new regulations in our country to address the issue of importing couriers, who are most often brought here as part of student visas at third-party universities. I have nothing against these guys, but it seems to me that there are enough people in the country (be they Poles, Ukrainians and other people in Poland not by the mere fact of becoming a food supplier or a passenger transport driver) to everything worked. Of course, this would result in a higher cost for these applications. Perhaps, however, this would force them to rationalize their actions at the expense of other parties of the entire business than ours. There is nothing in the Directive about the import of couriers, but I have a strange feeling that our industry had a large share in the visa scandal that is currently in the spotlight, so who knows... maybe our authorities will also turn their eyes in this direction.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Have you heard anything about the creation of Trade Unions bringing together Delivery Workers?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

I know about the existence of the Pyszne.pl couriers' union. It is no coincidence that they have such an organization, because it is currently the only company that employs couriers (some of them) directly. The problem with other platforms is that it is not known under which company these associations would operate. This came about when changes were introduced in Wolt that were very unfavorable for couriers. The idea of \u200b\u200bestablishing a union was born. However, this turned out to be very problematic and in the end it probably didn't happen.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Anyway, if the remaining couriers were to form a union, what would it be under? Probably partners, because they are most often the direct employers of delivery workers. The problem here is that there are so many partners and couriers from different apps work under them, and they actually have different problems and demands.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Apart from Pyszne.pl, it is difficult to find any sense of community between couriers. An organization that would take care of our interests would be extremely necessary now. The problem is that I suspect it would be difficult to even find a common message. Different couriers work for different apps, have different needs and ideas of what this work should look like. Most often, they are in complete opposition to each other.<\/span><\/p>","_en_post_name":"i-like-what-is-happening-at-work-interview-with-lukasz-supplier-and-blogger-part-2","_en_post_excerpt":"","_en_post_title":"I LIKE WHAT IS HAPPENING AT WORK - INTERVIEW WITH \u0141UKASZ, SUPPLIER AND BLOGGER (PART 2)","_ru_post_content":"\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u041b\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0448\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c<\/a><\/em>\r\n\r\n

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\u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0435\u0437\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0434\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438. \u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 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\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 (\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 Pyszne \u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, Glovo) \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430. \u042f \u043a\u0430\u043a-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0430\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e. \u041e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e-\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443. \u042f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0449\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 (\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438). \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0443\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u044c\u044e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0412 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0412 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 10 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b\u0445, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u2014 12 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b\u0445. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u00ab\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439\u00bb?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0422\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 12 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b\u0445, \u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u2014 10 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b\u0445 (\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0445, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443), \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 Uber \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 3,5 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430). \u041c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a. \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f 10 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c X1,0, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u2013 \u0441 \u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c x1,2.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0418\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c (\u0441 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f) \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f Wolt, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435, \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e \u00ab\u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445\u00bb \u0438 \u00ab\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0441\u0430\u0445\u00bb. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0449\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u00ab\u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 10 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430 2 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u2013 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0441 50 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b\u0445\u00bb<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042f \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0431\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 10 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430 2 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u044c\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 Wolt. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435 (8-9 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430 3 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430), \u043d\u043e \u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0441\u0430. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0441\u044c, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430, \u0430 \u0432 Wolt \u2014 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438. \u041f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u041c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431, \u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435. \u0418\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0412\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412 Uber, Bolt \u0438 Stuart \u0431\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0417\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e, \u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0412\u044b \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435. \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 3 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042f \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 3 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0438, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435. \u042f \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0445. \u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u044f \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u200b\u200b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041d\u0443, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 (\u043f\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e) \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437. \u0412\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438. \u0410 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u044b\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u00ab\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445\u00bb. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 - \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 - \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u0417\u0423\u0421, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e. \u042f \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f JDG \u0441 \u041d\u0414\u0421, \u0430 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f JDG, \u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u041d\u0414\u0421. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e 26 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442. \u0414\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u2013 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 100% \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u044b. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e (\u043f\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e Janusz), \u0432\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e \u0431\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0442\u043e-\u0437\u0430\u0440\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435 - \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u0442\u044e\u0430\u0440\u0442, \u0412\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0438 Glovo (\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u044f \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b) \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u041d\u0414\u0421. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0438 ZUS (\u0423\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f), \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421 Uber \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435 3 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u041d\u0414\u0421, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e. \u0417\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041d\u0414\u0421 \u0438\u0437 JDG, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f, \u041d\u0414\u0421 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e Uber, \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u041d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u044f \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u044e\u043a. \u042f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0443\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0430\u043c Uber \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438, \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u041d\u0414\u0421, Uber \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u042d\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 0% \u041d\u0414\u0421. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u041d\u0414\u0421 \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442). \u042f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442. \u042f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0435?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u042f \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b 1,5 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e. \u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0438 \u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041a \u0441\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434, \u0438\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c. \u041d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u044f (\u0430 \u044f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441). \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e 8 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044f. \u042f \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e \u00ab\u043c\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043c\u00bb \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u044f \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u043b\u043e\u0431\u0431\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0438, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0443. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u041b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0432. \u042f \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 (\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043a\u0438, \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430), \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e . \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439. \u0412 \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u043e \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0449\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044c \u0441\u044b\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442... \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u0421\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\r\n

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