{"id":1575,"date":"2025-04-04T09:00:11","date_gmt":"2025-04-04T07:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/?p=1575"},"modified":"2025-08-17T13:31:25","modified_gmt":"2025-08-17T11:31:25","slug":"will-pyszne-adopt-the-uber-model","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/will-pyszne-adopt-the-uber-model\/","title":{"rendered":"WILL PYSZNE ADOPT THE UBER MODEL?","raw":"WILL PYSZNE ADOPT THE UBER MODEL?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Yesterday [03.04.2025] the Trade Union operating at Pyszne.pl published an extensive statement regarding the changes taking place on this Platform. In it, the Union describes the current situation of people working as Delivery Drivers and Pyszne.pl&#8217;s policy regarding mass layoffs. We publish it in full below.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>As everyone knows, in Poland we have two models of courier employment. Pyszne employs on a contract for services with an hourly rate, other platforms (Glovo\/Uber\/Wolt) pay only for completed orders and use pathological contracts (such as a vehicle rental agreement) that do not provide couriers with protection in the event of an accident, money in retirement or even minimal employment stability. Recently, there have been disturbing events that force us to ask whether Pyszne is not heading towards the Uberization of its model?<\/p>\n<p>In February this year. The takeover of JustEatTakeaway (owner of Pyszne.pl) by Prosus, which owns, among other things, 28% of the shares of Delivery Hero (owner of Glovo), was announced. This is another step towards the consolidation of the industry, which, despite cuts in couriers&#8217; wages, is unable to generate stable profits. The question is whether these changes will be disadvantageous for couriers?<\/p>\n<p>In March this year, the JustEatTakeaway branch in Austria dismissed almost a thousand employees (mostly couriers), who, thanks to a collective agreement negotiated by trade unions, were guaranteed stable working conditions. Instead of offering normal work with an hourly rate, the company intends to push couriers into self-employment. Similar signals reach us from Germany, where the company is outsourcing deliveries to other entities offering worse employment conditions.<br \/>\nThe direction of the changes is causing great concern; for years, the company has claimed that it supports normal employment of couriers. By autumn 2026, all EU countries are required to implement the provisions of the Platform Work Directive, the aim of which is to put an end to the pathological employment of couriers on the basis of bizarre contracts, not paying for the entire working time (but only for completed orders) and numerous negative phenomena (lack of insurance, sudden dismissals, lack of control over the operation of the algorithm). It is all the more strange that instead of preparing for the introduction of the new regulation, the company is moving towards making its operating model similar to Uber.<\/p>\n<p>In Poland, hubs are being liquidated (most recently in Pozna\u0144). Recently, the trade union has been receiving disturbing news about cases of couriers being terminated and couriers who have worked for 18 months under Trenkwalder not being offered a transfer to Takeaway. According to information obtained from the company, it treats couriers working for Trenkwalder as temporary workers, whom it can fire if necessary, and then hire new ones when the demand arises. This is an unfavourable change in relation to the situation prevailing in the company before, when couriers working in a way that did not raise any objections were provided with some stability of employment.<\/p>\n<p>The trade union is collecting information about cases of termination of contracts and not being offered a transfer to Takeaway. If you know anything, write to zzpyszne(at)konfederacjapracy.org.pl<\/p>\n","protected":false,"raw":"Yesterday [03.04.2025] the Trade Union operating at Pyszne.pl published an extensive statement regarding the changes taking place on this Platform. In it, the Union describes the current situation of people working as Delivery Drivers and Pyszne.pl's policy regarding mass layoffs. We publish it in full below.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nAs everyone knows, in Poland we have two models of courier employment. Pyszne employs on a contract for services with an hourly rate, other platforms (Glovo\/Uber\/Wolt) pay only for completed orders and use pathological contracts (such as a vehicle rental agreement) that do not provide couriers with protection in the event of an accident, money in retirement or even minimal employment stability. Recently, there have been disturbing events that force us to ask whether Pyszne is not heading towards the Uberization of its model?\r\n\r\nIn February this year. The takeover of JustEatTakeaway (owner of Pyszne.pl) by Prosus, which owns, among other things, 28% of the shares of Delivery Hero (owner of Glovo), was announced. This is another step towards the consolidation of the industry, which, despite cuts in couriers' wages, is unable to generate stable profits. The question is whether these changes will be disadvantageous for couriers?\r\n\r\nIn March this year, the JustEatTakeaway branch in Austria dismissed almost a thousand employees (mostly couriers), who, thanks to a collective agreement negotiated by trade unions, were guaranteed stable working conditions. Instead of offering normal work with an hourly rate, the company intends to push couriers into self-employment. Similar signals reach us from Germany, where the company is outsourcing deliveries to other entities offering worse employment conditions.\r\nThe direction of the changes is causing great concern; for years, the company has claimed that it supports normal employment of couriers. By autumn 2026, all EU countries are required to implement the provisions of the Platform Work Directive, the aim of which is to put an end to the pathological employment of couriers on the basis of bizarre contracts, not paying for the entire working time (but only for completed orders) and numerous negative phenomena (lack of insurance, sudden dismissals, lack of control over the operation of the algorithm). It is all the more strange that instead of preparing for the introduction of the new regulation, the company is moving towards making its operating model similar to Uber.\r\n\r\nIn Poland, hubs are being liquidated (most recently in Pozna\u0144). Recently, the trade union has been receiving disturbing news about cases of couriers being terminated and couriers who have worked for 18 months under Trenkwalder not being offered a transfer to Takeaway. According to information obtained from the company, it treats couriers working for Trenkwalder as temporary workers, whom it can fire if necessary, and then hire new ones when the demand arises. This is an unfavourable change in relation to the situation prevailing in the company before, when couriers working in a way that did not raise any objections were provided with some stability of employment.\r\n\r\nThe trade union is collecting information about cases of termination of contracts and not being offered a transfer to Takeaway. If you know anything, write to zzpyszne(at)konfederacjapracy.org.pl"},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false,"raw":""},"author":1,"featured_media":1577,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_pl_post_content":"Wczoraj [03.04.2025] Zwi\u0105zek Zawodowy dzia\u0142aj\u0105cy w Pyszne.pl opublikowa\u0142 obszerne o\u015bwiadczenie dotycz\u0105ce zmian jakie dziej\u0105 si\u0119 w tej Platformie. Zwi\u0105zek opisuje w nim aktualn\u0105 sytuacj\u0119 os\u00f3b pracuj\u0105cych jako Dostawcy i oraz polityk\u0119 Pyszne.pl w zakresie masowych zwolnie\u0144. Publikujemy je w ca\u0142o\u015bci poni\u017cej.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nJak ka\u017cdy wie w Polsce mamy dwa modele zatrudniania kurier\u00f3w. Pyszne zatrudnia na umowie zlecenie ze stawk\u0105 godzinow\u0105, inne platformy (Glovo\/Uber\/Wolt) p\u0142ac\u0105 tylko za wykonane zlecenia oraz stosuj\u0105 patologiczne umowy (jak umowa najmu pojazdu) nie daj\u0105ce kurierom ochrony w razie wypadku, pieni\u0119dzy na emeryturze czy te\u017c minimalnej nawet stabilno\u015bci zatrudnienia. W ostatnim czasie dochodzi do niepokoj\u0105cych zdarze\u0144, ka\u017c\u0105cych zada\u0107 pytanie, czy Pyszne nie zmierza w kierunku uberyzacji swojego modelu?\r\n\r\nW lutym br. og\u0142oszono przej\u0119cie firmy JustEatTakeaway (w\u0142a\u015bciciel Pyszne.pl) przez firm\u0119 Prosus posiadaj\u0105c\u0105 m.in. 28% udzia\u0142\u00f3w sp\u00f3\u0142ki Delivery Hero (w\u0142a\u015bciciel Glovo). Jest to kolejny krok w kierunku konsolidacji bran\u017cy, kt\u00f3ra mimo ci\u0119cia p\u0142ac kurier\u00f3w nie jest w stanie generowa\u0107 stabilnych zysk\u00f3w. Pytanie, czy zmiany te oka\u017c\u0105 si\u0119 niekorzystne dla kurier\u00f3w?\r\n\r\nW marcu br. oddzia\u0142 JustEatTakeaway w Austrii dokona\u0142 zwolnienia niemal tysi\u0105ca pracownik\u00f3w (w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci kurier\u00f3w), kt\u00f3rzy dzi\u0119ki wynegocjowanemu przez zwi\u0105zki zawodowe uk\u0142adowi zbiorowemu mieli zagwarantowane stabilne warunki pracy. Zamiast oferowa\u0107 normaln\u0105 prac\u0119 ze stawk\u0105 godzinow\u0105 firma zamierza wypchn\u0105\u0107 kurier\u00f3w na samozatrudnienie. Podobne sygna\u0142y dochodz\u0105 do nas z Niemiec, gdzie firma oddaje realizacj\u0119 dostaw innym podmiotom oferuj\u0105cym gorsze warunki zatrudnienia.\r\nKierunek zmian budzi ogromny niepok\u00f3j, firma od lat twierdzi\u0142a, \u017ce popiera normalne zatrudnianie kurier\u00f3w. Do jesieni 2026 roku wszystkie pa\u0144stwa Unii Europejskiej zobowi\u0105zane s\u0105 wprowadzi\u0107 w \u017cycie przepisy dyrektywy o pracy platformowej, kt\u00f3rej celem jest sko\u0144czenie z patozatrudnieniem kurier\u00f3w na podstawie dziwacznych um\u00f3w, nie p\u0142aceniem za ca\u0142y czas pracy (a tylko za zrealizowane zam\u00f3wienia) oraz licznymi negatywnymi zjawiskami (brak ubezpiecze\u0144, nag\u0142e zwolnienia, brak kontroli nad dzia\u0142aniem algorytmu). Tym bardziej dziwnym jest, \u017ce zamiast przygotowa\u0107 si\u0119 na wprowadzenie nowej regulacji firma idzie w kierunku upodobnienia swojego modelu dzia\u0142ania do Ubera.\r\n\r\nW Polsce dochodzi do likwidowania hub\u00f3w (ostatnio w Poznaniu). Ostatnio zwi\u0105zek zawodowy dostaje niepokoj\u0105ce wiadomo\u015bci o przypadkach wypowiadania um\u00f3w kurierom oraz nieoferowania przej\u015bcia do Takeaway kurierom, kt\u00f3rzy przepracowali 18 miesi\u0119cy pod Trenkwalderem. Z informacji uzyskanych od firmy wynika, \u017ce traktuje ona kurier\u00f3w pracuj\u0105cych dla Trenkwaldera jako pracownik\u00f3w tymczasowych, kt\u00f3rych mo\u017ce w razie potrzeby zwolni\u0107, a nast\u0119pnie zatrudni\u0107 nowych, kiedy pojawi si\u0119 zapotrzebowanie. Jest to niekorzystna zmiana w stosunku do sytuacji panuj\u0105cej w firmie wcze\u015bniej, kiedy to kurierzy pracuj\u0105cy w spos\u00f3b nie budz\u0105cy zastrze\u017ce\u0144 mieli zapewnion\u0105 pewn\u0105 stabilno\u015b\u0107 zatrudnienia.\r\n\r\nZwi\u0105zek zawodowy zbiera informacje o przypadkach wypowiadania um\u00f3w oraz nieoferowania przej\u015bcia do Takeaway. Je\u017celi co\u015b wiecie piszcie na zzpyszne(at)konfederacjapracy.org.pl","_pl_post_name":"czy-pyszne-przyjmie-model-dzialania-ubera","_pl_post_excerpt":"","_pl_post_title":"CZY PYSZNE PRZYJMIE MODEL DZIA\u0141ANIA UBERA?","_en_post_content":"Yesterday [03.04.2025] the Trade Union operating at Pyszne.pl published an extensive statement regarding the changes taking place on this Platform. In it, the Union describes the current situation of people working as Delivery Drivers and Pyszne.pl's policy regarding mass layoffs. We publish it in full below.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\nAs everyone knows, in Poland we have two models of courier employment. Pyszne employs on a contract for services with an hourly rate, other platforms (Glovo\/Uber\/Wolt) pay only for completed orders and use pathological contracts (such as a vehicle rental agreement) that do not provide couriers with protection in the event of an accident, money in retirement or even minimal employment stability. Recently, there have been disturbing events that force us to ask whether Pyszne is not heading towards the Uberization of its model?\r\n\r\nIn February this year. The takeover of JustEatTakeaway (owner of Pyszne.pl) by Prosus, which owns, among other things, 28% of the shares of Delivery Hero (owner of Glovo), was announced. This is another step towards the consolidation of the industry, which, despite cuts in couriers' wages, is unable to generate stable profits. The question is whether these changes will be disadvantageous for couriers?\r\n\r\nIn March this year, the JustEatTakeaway branch in Austria dismissed almost a thousand employees (mostly couriers), who, thanks to a collective agreement negotiated by trade unions, were guaranteed stable working conditions. Instead of offering normal work with an hourly rate, the company intends to push couriers into self-employment. Similar signals reach us from Germany, where the company is outsourcing deliveries to other entities offering worse employment conditions.\r\nThe direction of the changes is causing great concern; for years, the company has claimed that it supports normal employment of couriers. By autumn 2026, all EU countries are required to implement the provisions of the Platform Work Directive, the aim of which is to put an end to the pathological employment of couriers on the basis of bizarre contracts, not paying for the entire working time (but only for completed orders) and numerous negative phenomena (lack of insurance, sudden dismissals, lack of control over the operation of the algorithm). It is all the more strange that instead of preparing for the introduction of the new regulation, the company is moving towards making its operating model similar to Uber.\r\n\r\nIn Poland, hubs are being liquidated (most recently in Pozna\u0144). Recently, the trade union has been receiving disturbing news about cases of couriers being terminated and couriers who have worked for 18 months under Trenkwalder not being offered a transfer to Takeaway. According to information obtained from the company, it treats couriers working for Trenkwalder as temporary workers, whom it can fire if necessary, and then hire new ones when the demand arises. This is an unfavourable change in relation to the situation prevailing in the company before, when couriers working in a way that did not raise any objections were provided with some stability of employment.\r\n\r\nThe trade union is collecting information about cases of termination of contracts and not being offered a transfer to Takeaway. If you know anything, write to zzpyszne(at)konfederacjapracy.org.pl","_en_post_name":"will-pyszne-adopt-the-uber-model","_en_post_excerpt":"","_en_post_title":"WILL PYSZNE ADOPT THE UBER MODEL?","_ru_post_content":"\u0412\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0430 [03.04.2025] \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437, \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 Pyszne.pl, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0410\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 Pyszne.pl \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. Pyszne \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0439, \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b (Glovo\/Uber\/Wolt) \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438 \u041f\u044b\u0448\u043d\u0435 \u043a \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438?\r\n\r\n\u0412 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 JustEatTakeaway (\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 Pyszne.pl) \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 Prosus, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 28% 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\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\r\n\r\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 Takeaway. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 zzpyszne(at)konfederacjapracy.org.pl","_ru_post_name":"%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b5%d1%82-%d0%bb%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d1%8b%d1%88%d0%bd%d0%b5-%d0%be%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%83%d1%8e-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c-uber","_ru_post_excerpt":"","_ru_post_title":"\u041f\u0420\u0418\u041c\u0415\u0422 \u041b\u0418 \u041f\u042b\u0428\u041d\u0415 \u041e\u041f\u0415\u0420\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u0423\u042e \u041c\u041e\u0414\u0415\u041b\u042c 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