{"id":1196,"date":"2024-11-05T10:00:42","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T09:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/?p=1196"},"modified":"2024-10-29T17:51:35","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T16:51:35","slug":"we-changed-standards-with-union-activities-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/we-changed-standards-with-union-activities-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"WE CHANGED STANDARDS WITH UNION ACTIVITIES (PART 2)","raw":"WE CHANGED STANDARDS WITH UNION ACTIVITIES (PART 2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Today we publish the second part of our interview with Adam, who worked as a delivery driver in Berlin. You can find the first part here<\/a>
\nYou can also find the whole interview in our brochure \u201cThis is what exploitation looks like\u201d. You can download it for free here<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

What do you like about this job? What are its advantages?<\/strong>
\nIt was a very migrant job, there were almost no Germans there, but you could meet interesting people from all over the world, I made friends there that I still keep to this day. Many friendships were formed, people supported each other, there was a lot of solidarity. Apart from that, I liked working outside, in the fresh air and on a light bike. Later I worked a bit on cargo bikes and it wasn’t for me, I prefer fast road bikes and light loads.<\/p>\n

Have you ever had any unpleasant, dangerous situations? Did anyone help you then?<\/strong><\/p>\n

I had a few accidents, including a serious one when a car hit me and the ambulance took me to hospital with a concussion and broken ribs. The doctors were nice and turned a blind eye to the fact that I was working in Germany on a Polish EHIC. Of course, there was no way to get sick leave as a self-employed person, the company was not interested in such cases at all, and I lost my source of income for several weeks. My courier colleagues and the union helped. Accidents happened regularly and as a union we tried to help the couriers who were in trouble, mainly by collecting money so that they could pay for rent and food when they couldn’t work. The company was not interested in these accidents.<\/p>\n

If you could give some advice to those who are just starting out, what would you tell them? What should they pay attention to and what should they avoid?<\/strong>
\nThink twice before becoming self-employed. It pays more and may make sense in the short term, but in the long run there are a lot of problems with insurance, years of contributions and so on. And all the costs are on the employee’s side, and the equipment breaks down, especially in winter. Once I slammed my old road bike into a heavy door on a client’s staircase, my fork broke and I had to invest in a new bike. Or after my accident it turned out that the EHIC covers hospital costs, but not the ambulance, and I got a bill for \u20ac600. The earnings seem OK only as long as things like that don’t happen. Besides, if you don’t have sick leave, every flu causes you to lose a third of your monthly income. Generally speaking, it’s a risky job that constantly generates some equipment and health costs, and if the employer doesn’t want to cover some of them, it’s probably better to let it go. The European Union has passed the Platform Work Directive, which is to be implemented in Poland within two years. What do you think about it?
\nIn Germany, the state has recently put pressure on platforms and now most of them either employ workers under an employment contract or at least offer such an option. But it’s good that the directive is coming into force, because otherwise nothing would probably change in this matter in Poland.<\/p>\n

Have you been involved in union activities? What do you think about it?<\/strong>
\nYes, we were unionized in the FAU, which is a syndicalist trade union, the equivalent of the Workers’ Initiative. When we decided that we wanted to organize, only the FAU agreed to accept us, because we were not officially employees and the big unions did not want to talk to us. In the union, we collected employee signatures for petitions, e.g. for an accident insurance supplement, for a refund of some equipment costs, etc. The company refused to negotiate, we organized pickets in front of their headquarters and local wildcat strikes. The problem with union activity in this industry is that there are hundreds of couriers, people don’t know each other and you have to literally catch them on the street and inform them about the existence and activities of the union. This is completely different ground than a workplace, where people see each other every day, eat lunch together and spend breaks together. In a platform, organizing employees takes incomparably more time and energy, and people often work only for a few months, so an organization once created can quickly fall apart and has to be constantly created anew. That’s why at some point we focused on media activities, publicizing the company’s illegal activities, cooperating with activists and researchers from universities and local politicians, to put pressure on the company. We managed to publicize many problems. The union was unable to push through the main demands, but we had some minor successes, for example the company introduced a small flat-rate fee for equipment costs. The union was also simply a support network for couriers, and that was one of its main values.<\/p>\n

In the end, did you resign yourself or were you a victim of Deliveroo’s sudden withdrawal from Germany?<\/strong>
\nAt the end of the summer of 2019, Deliveroo suddenly ceased to exist. They announced that they were closing down in Germany. They literally sent us an email on Monday saying that they were closing down on Friday. Over 2,000 couriers across the country lost their jobs. They offered us two or three hundred euros each to waive any potential claims against them. Together with three colleagues from the union, we decided not to take the money, but to go to court. The idea was for the court to check whether we shouldn’t have been employed full-time all this time. In such cases, the court doesn’t check what kind of contract the employee signed with the employer, because it is known that such a huge platform as Deliveroo can offer people any junk contracts, and people will sign them because they have to eat something. So the court checks whether the work met the definition of an employment contract or not. If it did, it means that there was an employment relationship and the self-employment contracts were defective, because they should have been full-time positions.<\/p>\n

We wanted to go to court earlier, but we were afraid that we would be fired for it, so we only went when the company announced that it was closing. We were represented in court by a union lawyer, and Deliveroo by a lawyer who tried, among other things, to convince the judge that we were bad employees. She had our data from the app and showed, for example, who was late for work when. In any case, the case unfortunately ended at an early stage. At one point, Deliveroo offered us a few thousand euros to leave them alone, and we were out of work and without income, and we had to pay rent and eat something, so we took the money. One colleague, who had enough to live on, didn’t go through with the settlement and the idea was to continue supporting him in the trial. At that point, the case became political, it was about creating a precedent and getting an official court ruling on whether platforms have to give couriers jobs or not. Unfortunately, the case ended when the last colleague got a job at another courier company as a self-employed person, broke his bike, ended up in hospital and went bankrupt. Deliveroo then offered him quite a large amount, which he needed, and neither we nor the union were able to provide such financial support. So this last case also ended with a settlement. I regret that we didn’t manage to see it through to the end and win against the corporation. But on the other hand, Deliveroo was the last platform with such an employment model in Germany. Those that came after, Gorillaz, Flink, Wolt, Uber Eats, etc. were already offering jobs and paying insurance. I think that through our union activities and this process we have contributed a little to changing standards for the better.<\/p>\n","protected":false,"raw":"Today we publish the second part of our interview with Adam, who worked as a delivery driver in Berlin. You can find the first part here<\/a>\r\nYou can also find the whole interview in our brochure \u201cThis is what exploitation looks like\u201d. You can download it for free here<\/a>\r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\nWhat do you like about this job? What are its advantages?<\/strong>\r\nIt was a very migrant job, there were almost no Germans there, but you could meet interesting people from all over the world, I made friends there that I still keep to this day. Many friendships were formed, people supported each other, there was a lot of solidarity. Apart from that, I liked working outside, in the fresh air and on a light bike. Later I worked a bit on cargo bikes and it wasn't for me, I prefer fast road bikes and light loads.\r\n\r\nHave you ever had any unpleasant, dangerous situations? Did anyone help you then?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nI had a few accidents, including a serious one when a car hit me and the ambulance took me to hospital with a concussion and broken ribs. The doctors were nice and turned a blind eye to the fact that I was working in Germany on a Polish EHIC. Of course, there was no way to get sick leave as a self-employed person, the company was not interested in such cases at all, and I lost my source of income for several weeks. My courier colleagues and the union helped. Accidents happened regularly and as a union we tried to help the couriers who were in trouble, mainly by collecting money so that they could pay for rent and food when they couldn't work. The company was not interested in these accidents.\r\n\r\nIf you could give some advice to those who are just starting out, what would you tell them? What should they pay attention to and what should they avoid?<\/strong>\r\nThink twice before becoming self-employed. It pays more and may make sense in the short term, but in the long run there are a lot of problems with insurance, years of contributions and so on. And all the costs are on the employee's side, and the equipment breaks down, especially in winter. Once I slammed my old road bike into a heavy door on a client's staircase, my fork broke and I had to invest in a new bike. Or after my accident it turned out that the EHIC covers hospital costs, but not the ambulance, and I got a bill for \u20ac600. The earnings seem OK only as long as things like that don't happen. Besides, if you don't have sick leave, every flu causes you to lose a third of your monthly income. Generally speaking, it's a risky job that constantly generates some equipment and health costs, and if the employer doesn't want to cover some of them, it's probably better to let it go. The European Union has passed the Platform Work Directive, which is to be implemented in Poland within two years. What do you think about it?\r\nIn Germany, the state has recently put pressure on platforms and now most of them either employ workers under an employment contract or at least offer such an option. But it's good that the directive is coming into force, because otherwise nothing would probably change in this matter in Poland.\r\n\r\nHave you been involved in union activities? What do you think about it?<\/strong>\r\nYes, we were unionized in the FAU, which is a syndicalist trade union, the equivalent of the Workers' Initiative. When we decided that we wanted to organize, only the FAU agreed to accept us, because we were not officially employees and the big unions did not want to talk to us. In the union, we collected employee signatures for petitions, e.g. for an accident insurance supplement, for a refund of some equipment costs, etc. The company refused to negotiate, we organized pickets in front of their headquarters and local wildcat strikes. The problem with union activity in this industry is that there are hundreds of couriers, people don't know each other and you have to literally catch them on the street and inform them about the existence and activities of the union. This is completely different ground than a workplace, where people see each other every day, eat lunch together and spend breaks together. In a platform, organizing employees takes incomparably more time and energy, and people often work only for a few months, so an organization once created can quickly fall apart and has to be constantly created anew. That's why at some point we focused on media activities, publicizing the company's illegal activities, cooperating with activists and researchers from universities and local politicians, to put pressure on the company. We managed to publicize many problems. The union was unable to push through the main demands, but we had some minor successes, for example the company introduced a small flat-rate fee for equipment costs. The union was also simply a support network for couriers, and that was one of its main values.\r\n\r\nIn the end, did you resign yourself or were you a victim of Deliveroo's sudden withdrawal from Germany?<\/strong>\r\nAt the end of the summer of 2019, Deliveroo suddenly ceased to exist. They announced that they were closing down in Germany. They literally sent us an email on Monday saying that they were closing down on Friday. Over 2,000 couriers across the country lost their jobs. They offered us two or three hundred euros each to waive any potential claims against them. Together with three colleagues from the union, we decided not to take the money, but to go to court. The idea was for the court to check whether we shouldn't have been employed full-time all this time. In such cases, the court doesn't check what kind of contract the employee signed with the employer, because it is known that such a huge platform as Deliveroo can offer people any junk contracts, and people will sign them because they have to eat something. So the court checks whether the work met the definition of an employment contract or not. If it did, it means that there was an employment relationship and the self-employment contracts were defective, because they should have been full-time positions.\r\n\r\nWe wanted to go to court earlier, but we were afraid that we would be fired for it, so we only went when the company announced that it was closing. We were represented in court by a union lawyer, and Deliveroo by a lawyer who tried, among other things, to convince the judge that we were bad employees. She had our data from the app and showed, for example, who was late for work when. In any case, the case unfortunately ended at an early stage. At one point, Deliveroo offered us a few thousand euros to leave them alone, and we were out of work and without income, and we had to pay rent and eat something, so we took the money. One colleague, who had enough to live on, didn't go through with the settlement and the idea was to continue supporting him in the trial. At that point, the case became political, it was about creating a precedent and getting an official court ruling on whether platforms have to give couriers jobs or not. Unfortunately, the case ended when the last colleague got a job at another courier company as a self-employed person, broke his bike, ended up in hospital and went bankrupt. Deliveroo then offered him quite a large amount, which he needed, and neither we nor the union were able to provide such financial support. So this last case also ended with a settlement. I regret that we didn't manage to see it through to the end and win against the corporation. But on the other hand, Deliveroo was the last platform with such an employment model in Germany. Those that came after, Gorillaz, Flink, Wolt, Uber Eats, etc. were already offering jobs and paying insurance. I think that through our union activities and this process we have contributed a little to changing standards for the better."},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false,"raw":""},"author":1,"featured_media":1197,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_pl_post_content":"Dzi\u015b publikujemy drug\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 naszej rozmowy z Adamem, kt\u00f3ry pracowa\u0142 jako dostawca w Berlinie. Pierwsz\u0105 znajdziecie tutaj<\/a>\r\n\r\nCa\u0142y wywiad znajdziecie te\u017c w naszej broszurze \u201cW\u0142a\u015bnie tak wygl\u0105da wyzysk\u201d. Mo\u017cecie pobra\u0107 j\u0105 bezp\u0142atnie tutaj<\/a>\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\nCo lubisz w\u00a0tej pracy? Jakie s\u0105 jej plusy?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTo by\u0142a bardzo migrancka robota, Niemc\u00f3w prawie tam nie by\u0142o, za to mo\u017cna by\u0142o spotka\u0107 ciekawych ludzi z\u00a0przer\u00f3\u017cnych miejsc, nawi\u0105za\u0142em tam znajomo\u015bci, kt\u00f3re utrzymuj\u0119 do dzi\u015b. Wykszta\u0142ci\u0142o si\u0119 du\u017co przyja\u017ani, ludzie si\u0119 wspierali, by\u0142o sporo solidarno\u015bci. Poza tym lubi\u0142em prac\u0119 na dworze, na powietrzu i\u00a0na lekkim rowerze. P\u00f3\u017aniej pracowa\u0142em troch\u0119 na rowerach cargo i\u00a0to nie dla mnie, wol\u0119 szybkie szos\u00f3wki i\u00a0lekkie \u0142adunki.\r\n\r\nCzy zdarza si\u0119, \u017ce mia\u0142e\u015b jakie\u015b nieprzyjemne, niebezpieczne sytuacje? Czy kto\u015b Ci wtedy pom\u00f3g\u0142?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nMia\u0142em kilka wypadk\u00f3w, w\u00a0tym jeden powa\u017cniejszy kiedy wjecha\u0142 we mnie samoch\u00f3d i\u00a0karetka zabra\u0142a mnie do szpitala ze wstrz\u0105sem m\u00f3zgu i\u00a0po\u0142amanymi \u017cebrami. Lekarze byli mili i\u00a0przymkn\u0119li oko na to, \u017ce pracuj\u0119 w\u00a0Niemczech na polskim EKUZ. Oczywi\u015bcie na samozatrudnieniu nie by\u0142o mowy o\u00a0\u017cadnym L4, firma si\u0119 w\u00a0og\u00f3le nie interesowa\u0142a takimi przypadkami, a\u00a0ja straci\u0142em \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o dochodu na kilka tygodni. Pomogli koledzy kurierzy i\u00a0zwi\u0105zek zawodowy. Wypadki zdarza\u0142y si\u0119 regularnie i\u00a0w\u00a0zwi\u0105zku starali\u015bmy si\u0119 pomaga\u0107 po\u0142amanym kurierom, g\u0142\u00f3wnie zbierali\u015bmy pieni\u0105dze, \u017ceby mieli na czynsz i\u00a0jedzenie kiedy nie mogli pracowa\u0107. Firma si\u0119 tymi wypadkami nie interesowa\u0142a.\r\n\r\n Gdyby\u015b m\u00f3g\u0142 co\u015b poradzi\u0107 tym osobom, kt\u00f3re w\u0142a\u015bnie zaczynaj\u0105, co by\u015b im powiedzia\u0142? Na co powinni zwr\u00f3ci\u0107 uwag\u0119, a\u00a0czego powinni unika\u0107?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nZastanowi\u0107 si\u0119 dwa razy zanim p\u00f3jd\u0105 na samozatrudnienie. Wychodzi wi\u0119cej na r\u0119k\u0119 i\u00a0mo\u017ce na kr\u00f3tki okres to ma jaki\u015b sens, ale na d\u0142u\u017csz\u0105 met\u0119 jest z\u00a0tego masa problem\u00f3w z\u00a0ubezpieczeniami, latami sk\u0142adkowymi i\u00a0tak dalej. No i\u00a0wszystkie koszty s\u0105 po stronie pracownika, a\u00a0sprz\u0119t si\u0119 psuje, szczeg\u00f3lnie zim\u0105. Ja raz przytrzasn\u0105\u0142em sobie u\u00a0klienta moj\u0105 star\u0105 szos\u00f3wk\u0119 ci\u0119\u017ckimi drzwiami na klatce schodowej, p\u0119k\u0142 mi widelec i\u00a0musia\u0142em zainwestowa\u0107 w\u00a0nowy rower. Albo po moim wypadku okaza\u0142o si\u0119, \u017ce EKUZ pokrywa koszty szpitala, ale ju\u017c nie karetki i\u00a0dosta\u0142em za ni\u0105 rachunek 600 \u20ac. Zarobki wydaj\u0105 si\u0119 ok tylko dop\u00f3ki takie rzeczy si\u0119 nie przytrafiaj\u0105. Poza tym jak nie ma L4, to ka\u017cda grypa powoduje utrat\u0119 jednej trzeciej miesi\u0119cznego dochodu. Og\u00f3lnie rzecz bior\u0105c to jest ryzykowna praca, kt\u00f3ra ci\u0105gle generuje jakie\u015b koszty sprz\u0119towe i\u00a0zdrowotne i\u00a0je\u015bli pracodawca nie chce bra\u0107 cz\u0119\u015bci z\u00a0nich na siebie, to chyba lepiej sobie odpu\u015bci\u0107.\r\n\r\nUnia Europejska uchwali\u0142a Dyrektywe o\u00a0Pracy dla Platform, w\u00a0ci\u0105gu dw\u00f3ch lat ma by\u0107 wdro\u017cona w\u00a0Polsce. Co o\u00a0tym my\u015blisz?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nW\u00a0Niemczech pa\u0144stwo przycisn\u0119\u0142o w\u00a0ostatnim czasie platformy i\u00a0obecnie wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 z\u00a0nich albo zatrudnia na umow\u0119 o\u00a0prac\u0119, albo przynajmniej oferuje tak\u0105 mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107. Ale to dobrze, \u017ce wchodzi dyrektywa, bo inaczej w\u00a0Polsce prawdopodobnie nic by si\u0119 w\u00a0tej sprawie nie zmieni\u0142o.\r\n\r\nCzy anga\u017cowa\u0142e\u015b si\u0119 w\u00a0dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107 zwi\u0105zkow\u0105? Co o\u00a0tym my\u015blisz?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nTak, byli\u015bmy uzwi\u0105zkowieni w\u00a0FAU, to jest syndykalistyczny zwi\u0105zek zawodowy, odpowiednik Inicjatywy Pracowniczej. Kiedy zdecydowali\u015bmy, \u017ce chcemy si\u0119 zorganizowa\u0107, to tylko FAU zgodzi\u0142 si\u0119 nas przyj\u0105\u0107, bo my oficjalnie nie byli\u015bmy pracownikami i\u00a0du\u017ce zwi\u0105zki nie chcia\u0142y z\u00a0nami rozmawia\u0107. W\u00a0zwi\u0105zku zbierali\u015bmy podpisy pracownik\u00f3w pod petycjami np. o\u00a0dodatek na ubezpieczenie wypadkowe, o\u00a0zwrot cz\u0119\u015bci koszt\u00f3w sprz\u0119tu itp. Firma odmawia\u0142a negocjacji, my organizowali\u015bmy pikiety pod ich siedzib\u0105 i\u00a0lokalne dzikie strajki. Problem z\u00a0dzia\u0142alno\u015bci\u0105 zwi\u0105zkow\u0105 w\u00a0tej bran\u017cy jest taki, \u017ce kurier\u00f3w s\u0105 setki, ludzie si\u0119 nie znaj\u0105 i\u00a0trzeba ich dos\u0142ownie \u0142apa\u0107 na ulicy i\u00a0informowa\u0107 o\u00a0istnieniu i\u00a0dzia\u0142alno\u015bci zwi\u0105zku. To zupe\u0142nie inny grunt ni\u017c zak\u0142ad pracy, w\u00a0kt\u00f3rym ludzie widuj\u0105 si\u0119 codziennie, jedz\u0105 razem obiady i\u00a0sp\u0119dzaj\u0105 razem przerwy. W\u00a0platformie organizacja pracownik\u00f3w zajmuje niepor\u00f3wnywalnie wi\u0119cej czasu i\u00a0energii, a\u00a0ludzie cz\u0119sto pracuj\u0105 tylko kilka miesi\u0119cy, wi\u0119c raz stworzona organizacja mo\u017ce szybko si\u0119 rozpa\u015b\u0107 i\u00a0trzeba j\u0105 ci\u0105gle tworzy\u0107 na nowo. Dlatego my w\u00a0pewnym momencie skupili\u015bmy si\u0119 na dzia\u0142alno\u015bci medialnej, nag\u0142a\u015bnianiu nielegalnych dzia\u0142a\u0144 firmy, wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy z\u00a0aktywistami i\u00a0badaczami z\u00a0uniwersytet\u00f3w i\u00a0lokalnymi politykami, \u017ceby w\u00a0ten spos\u00f3b wywiera\u0107 nacisk na firm\u0119. Uda\u0142o si\u0119 nag\u0142o\u015bni\u0107 wiele problem\u00f3w. Zwi\u0105zkowi nie uda\u0142o si\u0119 przepchn\u0105\u0107 g\u0142\u00f3wnych postulat\u00f3w, ale odnie\u015bli\u015bmy kilka pomniejszych sukces\u00f3w, na przyk\u0142ad firma wprowadzi\u0142a ma\u0142y rycza\u0142t na koszty sprz\u0119tu. Zwi\u0105zek by\u0142 te\u017c po prostu sieci\u0105 wsparcia dla kurier\u00f3w i\u00a0to stanowi\u0142o jedn\u0105 z\u00a0jego g\u0142\u00f3wnych warto\u015bci.\r\n\r\nCzy na koniec sam zrezygnowa\u0142e\u015b z\u00a0pracy, czy pad\u0142e\u015b ofiar\u0105 nag\u0142ego wycofania si\u0119 Deliveroo z\u00a0Niemiec?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nPod koniec lata 2019 roku Deliveroo nagle przesta\u0142o istnie\u0107. Og\u0142osili, \u017ce ko\u0144cz\u0105 dzia\u0142alno\u015b\u0107 w\u00a0Niemczech. Dos\u0142ownie w\u00a0poniedzia\u0142ek wys\u0142ali nam maila, \u017ce w\u00a0pi\u0105tek zwijaj\u0105 interes. Ponad 2000 kurier\u00f3w w\u00a0ca\u0142ym kraju straci\u0142o prac\u0119. Zaoferowali nam po dwie\u015bcie czy trzysta euro, \u017ceby\u015bmy zrzekli si\u0119 jakichkolwiek potencjalnych roszcze\u0144 wobec nich. Razem z\u00a0trzema kolegami ze zwi\u0105zku zdecydowali\u015bmy, \u017ce nie we\u017amiemy tych pieni\u0119dzy, tylko p\u00f3jdziemy do s\u0105du. Chodzi\u0142o o\u00a0to, \u017ceby s\u0105d sprawdzi\u0142 czy my przez ten ca\u0142y czas nie powinni\u015bmy byli by\u0107 zatrudnieni na etacie. W\u00a0takich sprawach s\u0105d nie sprawdza jak\u0105 umow\u0119 pracownik podpisa\u0142 z\u00a0pracodawc\u0105, bo wiadomo, \u017ce taka ogromna platforma jak Deliveroo mo\u017ce ludziom podsuwa\u0107 jakiekolwiek \u015bmieciowe umowy, a\u00a0ludzie je podpisz\u0105, bo musz\u0105 co\u015b je\u015b\u0107. Wi\u0119c s\u0105d sprawdza czy praca spe\u0142nia\u0142a definicj\u0119 umowy o\u00a0prac\u0119 czy nie. Je\u015bli spe\u0142nia\u0142a, to znaczy, \u017ce zaszed\u0142 stosunek pracy i\u00a0umowy na samozatrudnienie by\u0142y wadliwe, bo to powinny by\u0107 etaty. My chcieli\u015bmy i\u015b\u0107 do s\u0105du ju\u017c wcze\u015bniej, ale bali\u015bmy si\u0119, \u017ce nas za to zwolni\u0105, wi\u0119c poszli\u015bmy dopiero, jak firma og\u0142osi\u0142a, \u017ce si\u0119 zwija. Nas w\u00a0s\u0105dzie reprezentowa\u0142 prawnik zwi\u0105zkowy, a\u00a0Deliveroo prawniczka, kt\u00f3ra pr\u00f3bowa\u0142a mi\u0119dzy innymi przekona\u0107 s\u0119dziego, \u017ce byli\u015bmy z\u0142ymi pracownikami. Mia\u0142a nasze dane z\u00a0aplikacji i\u00a0pokazywa\u0142a na przyk\u0142ad kto si\u0119 kiedy sp\u00f3\u017ani\u0142 do pracy. W\u00a0ka\u017cdym razie sprawa niestety zako\u0144czy\u0142a si\u0119 na wst\u0119pnym etapie. Deliveroo nam w\u00a0pewnym momencie zaproponowa\u0142o po kilka tysi\u0119cy euro, \u017ceby\u015bmy si\u0119 od nich odczepili, a\u00a0my byli\u015bmy bez pracy i\u00a0bez dochodu, a\u00a0musieli\u015bmy p\u0142aci\u0107 czynsze i\u00a0co\u015b je\u015b\u0107, wi\u0119c wzi\u0119li\u015bmy pieni\u0105dze. Jeden kolega, kt\u00f3ry akurat mia\u0142 za co \u017cy\u0107, nie poszed\u0142 na t\u0119 ugod\u0119 i\u00a0pomys\u0142 by\u0142 taki, \u017ceby go dalej wspiera\u0107 w\u00a0procesie. W\u00a0tym momencie sprawa zrobi\u0142a si\u0119 ju\u017c polityczna, chodzi\u0142o o\u00a0stworzenie precedensu i\u00a0uzyskanie oficjalnej wyk\u0142adni s\u0105du na temat tego czy platformy musz\u0105 dawa\u0107 kurierom etaty czy nie. Niestety sprawa si\u0119 sko\u0144czy\u0142a kiedy ten ostatni kolega zatrudni\u0142 si\u0119 w\u00a0innej firmie kurierskiej na samozatrudnieniu, po\u0142ama\u0142 si\u0119 na rowerze, trafi\u0142 do szpitala i\u00a0zbankrutowa\u0142. Deliveroo zaproponowa\u0142o mu wtedy do\u015b\u0107 du\u017c\u0105 kwot\u0119, kt\u00f3rej on potrzebowa\u0142, a\u00a0my ani zwi\u0105zek nie byli\u015bmy ju\u017c w\u00a0stanie zapewni\u0107 takiego wsparcia finansowego. Wi\u0119c ta ostatnia sprawa te\u017c si\u0119 zako\u0144czy\u0142a ugod\u0105. \u017ba\u0142uj\u0119, \u017ce nie uda\u0142o si\u0119 tego wtedy doci\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 do ko\u0144ca i\u00a0wygra\u0107 z\u00a0korporacj\u0105. Ale z\u00a0drugiej strony Deliveroo by\u0142o ostatni\u0105 platform\u0105 z\u00a0takim modelem zatrudnienia w\u00a0Niemczech. Te, kt\u00f3re przysz\u0142y potem, Gorillaz, Flink, Wolt, Uber Eats itd. oferowa\u0142y ju\u017c etaty i\u00a0op\u0142aca\u0142y ubezpieczenia. My\u015bl\u0119, \u017ce nasz\u0105 dzia\u0142alno\u015bci\u0105 zwi\u0105zkow\u0105 i\u00a0tym procesem przyczynili\u015bmy si\u0119 troch\u0119 do zmiany standard\u00f3w na lepsze.","_pl_post_name":"dzialalnoscia-zwiazkowa-zmienilismy-standardy-czesc-2","_pl_post_excerpt":"","_pl_post_title":"DZIA\u0141ALNO\u015aCI\u0104 ZWI\u0104ZKOW\u0104 ZMIENILI\u015aMY STANDARDY (CZE\u015a\u0106 2)","_en_post_content":"Today we publish the second part of our interview with Adam, who worked as a delivery driver in Berlin. You can find the first part here<\/a>\r\nYou can also find the whole interview in our brochure \u201cThis is what exploitation looks like\u201d. You can download it for free here<\/a>\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\nWhat do you like about this job? What are its advantages?<\/strong>\r\nIt was a very migrant job, there were almost no Germans there, but you could meet interesting people from all over the world, I made friends there that I still keep to this day. Many friendships were formed, people supported each other, there was a lot of solidarity. Apart from that, I liked working outside, in the fresh air and on a light bike. Later I worked a bit on cargo bikes and it wasn't for me, I prefer fast road bikes and light loads.\r\n\r\nHave you ever had any unpleasant, dangerous situations? Did anyone help you then?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nI had a few accidents, including a serious one when a car hit me and the ambulance took me to hospital with a concussion and broken ribs. The doctors were nice and turned a blind eye to the fact that I was working in Germany on a Polish EHIC. Of course, there was no way to get sick leave as a self-employed person, the company was not interested in such cases at all, and I lost my source of income for several weeks. My courier colleagues and the union helped. Accidents happened regularly and as a union we tried to help the couriers who were in trouble, mainly by collecting money so that they could pay for rent and food when they couldn't work. The company was not interested in these accidents.\r\n\r\nIf you could give some advice to those who are just starting out, what would you tell them? What should they pay attention to and what should they avoid?<\/strong>\r\nThink twice before becoming self-employed. It pays more and may make sense in the short term, but in the long run there are a lot of problems with insurance, years of contributions and so on. And all the costs are on the employee's side, and the equipment breaks down, especially in winter. Once I slammed my old road bike into a heavy door on a client's staircase, my fork broke and I had to invest in a new bike. Or after my accident it turned out that the EHIC covers hospital costs, but not the ambulance, and I got a bill for \u20ac600. The earnings seem OK only as long as things like that don't happen. Besides, if you don't have sick leave, every flu causes you to lose a third of your monthly income. Generally speaking, it's a risky job that constantly generates some equipment and health costs, and if the employer doesn't want to cover some of them, it's probably better to let it go. The European Union has passed the Platform Work Directive, which is to be implemented in Poland within two years. What do you think about it?\r\nIn Germany, the state has recently put pressure on platforms and now most of them either employ workers under an employment contract or at least offer such an option. But it's good that the directive is coming into force, because otherwise nothing would probably change in this matter in Poland.\r\n\r\nHave you been involved in union activities? What do you think about it?<\/strong>\r\nYes, we were unionized in the FAU, which is a syndicalist trade union, the equivalent of the Workers' Initiative. When we decided that we wanted to organize, only the FAU agreed to accept us, because we were not officially employees and the big unions did not want to talk to us. In the union, we collected employee signatures for petitions, e.g. for an accident insurance supplement, for a refund of some equipment costs, etc. The company refused to negotiate, we organized pickets in front of their headquarters and local wildcat strikes. The problem with union activity in this industry is that there are hundreds of couriers, people don't know each other and you have to literally catch them on the street and inform them about the existence and activities of the union. This is completely different ground than a workplace, where people see each other every day, eat lunch together and spend breaks together. In a platform, organizing employees takes incomparably more time and energy, and people often work only for a few months, so an organization once created can quickly fall apart and has to be constantly created anew. That's why at some point we focused on media activities, publicizing the company's illegal activities, cooperating with activists and researchers from universities and local politicians, to put pressure on the company. We managed to publicize many problems. The union was unable to push through the main demands, but we had some minor successes, for example the company introduced a small flat-rate fee for equipment costs. The union was also simply a support network for couriers, and that was one of its main values.\r\n\r\nIn the end, did you resign yourself or were you a victim of Deliveroo's sudden withdrawal from Germany?<\/strong>\r\nAt the end of the summer of 2019, Deliveroo suddenly ceased to exist. They announced that they were closing down in Germany. They literally sent us an email on Monday saying that they were closing down on Friday. Over 2,000 couriers across the country lost their jobs. They offered us two or three hundred euros each to waive any potential claims against them. Together with three colleagues from the union, we decided not to take the money, but to go to court. The idea was for the court to check whether we shouldn't have been employed full-time all this time. In such cases, the court doesn't check what kind of contract the employee signed with the employer, because it is known that such a huge platform as Deliveroo can offer people any junk contracts, and people will sign them because they have to eat something. So the court checks whether the work met the definition of an employment contract or not. If it did, it means that there was an employment relationship and the self-employment contracts were defective, because they should have been full-time positions.\r\n\r\nWe wanted to go to court earlier, but we were afraid that we would be fired for it, so we only went when the company announced that it was closing. We were represented in court by a union lawyer, and Deliveroo by a lawyer who tried, among other things, to convince the judge that we were bad employees. She had our data from the app and showed, for example, who was late for work when. In any case, the case unfortunately ended at an early stage. At one point, Deliveroo offered us a few thousand euros to leave them alone, and we were out of work and without income, and we had to pay rent and eat something, so we took the money. One colleague, who had enough to live on, didn't go through with the settlement and the idea was to continue supporting him in the trial. At that point, the case became political, it was about creating a precedent and getting an official court ruling on whether platforms have to give couriers jobs or not. Unfortunately, the case ended when the last colleague got a job at another courier company as a self-employed person, broke his bike, ended up in hospital and went bankrupt. Deliveroo then offered him quite a large amount, which he needed, and neither we nor the union were able to provide such financial support. So this last case also ended with a settlement. I regret that we didn't manage to see it through to the end and win against the corporation. But on the other hand, Deliveroo was the last platform with such an employment model in Germany. Those that came after, Gorillaz, Flink, Wolt, Uber Eats, etc. were already offering jobs and paying insurance. I think that through our union activities and this process we have contributed a little to changing standards for the better.","_en_post_name":"we-changed-standards-with-union-activities-part-2","_en_post_excerpt":"","_en_post_title":"WE CHANGED STANDARDS WITH UNION ACTIVITIES (PART 2)","_ru_post_content":"\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435. \u0412\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c<\/a>\r\n\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044c\u044e \u0432\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0448\u044e\u0440\u0435 \u00ab\u0412\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u00bb. \u0412\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c<\/a>\r\n\r\n
\r\n\r\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435? \u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430?<\/strong>\r\n\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u044d\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442, \u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c. \u0417\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0435, \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f, \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044b.\r\n\r\n\u0411\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438? \u041a\u0442\u043e-\u043d\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430?<\/strong>\r\n\u0421\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0437\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0440. \u0412\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e \u0432 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 EHIC. \u041d\u0438 \u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 L4 \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445, \u0438 \u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438-\u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e, \u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c, \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445.\r\n\r\n\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b \u0438\u043c \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438? \u041d\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c?<\/strong>\r\n\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u043c. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435. \u0418 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044f\u043b \u0432 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c, \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434. \u0418\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e ESHIC \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c, \u0438 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0437\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 600 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044b\u043b\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442 L4, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u043f\u043f \u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0436\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0412\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.\r\n\r\n\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435?<\/strong>\r\n\u0412 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c, \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u200b\u200b\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442, \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0432 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435.\r\n\r\n\u0423\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438? \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435?<\/strong>\r\n\u0414\u0430, \u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00a0FAU, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0430, \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e FAU \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f, \u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0442. \u0434. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431-\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438, \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u044b. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b, \u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.\r\n\u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0421\u041c\u0418, \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041d\u0430\u043c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439.\r\n\r\n\u0412\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 Deliveroo \u0438\u0437 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438?<\/strong>\r\n\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430 2019 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 Deliveroo \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0411\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u0432 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 2000 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0439 \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c. \u041c\u044b \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438, \u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0434. \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043b, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c. \u0412 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a Deliveroo, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.\r\n\u041c\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0443\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u0430 Deliveroo \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b \u0430\u0434\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044c\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u041e\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443. \u0412 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e, \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439-\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 Deliveroo \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0430 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u0432\u0437\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440, \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u041a \u0441\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c Deliveroo \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0421\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0435\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e. \u041d\u043e \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b, Deliveroo \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0422\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435, Gorillaz, Flink, Wolt, Uber Eats \u0438 \u0442. \u0434., \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443. \u042f \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043e\u044e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443.","_ru_post_name":"%d0%bc%d1%8b-%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%bc%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%b8-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b0%d1%80%d1%82%d1%8b-%d1%81-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%be%d1%84%d1%81%d0%be%d1%8e%d0%b7%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b9-%d0%b4","_ru_post_excerpt":"","_ru_post_title":"\u041c\u042b \u0418\u0417\u041c\u0415\u041d\u0418\u041b\u0418 \u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0414\u0410\u0420\u0422\u042b \u0421 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0424\u0421\u041e\u042e\u0417\u041d\u041e\u0419 \u0414\u0415\u042f\u0422\u0415\u041b\u042c\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u042c\u042e (\u0427\u0410\u0421\u0422\u042c 2)","edit_language":"en","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualnosci"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1196","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1196"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1196\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1198,"href":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1196\/revisions\/1198"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1197"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1196"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1196"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zentrale.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1196"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}